Le Conseil de sécurité de l’ONU a adopté, lundi, une résolution appelant les Taliban à respecter leurs “engagements” en Afghanistan, notamment celui sur le “départ sûr” et “ordonné” d’Afghans et ressortissants étrangers. Le texte n’établit toutefois pas la création d’une zone protégée, comme annoncée par Emmanuel Macron.PUBLICITÉ
Le Conseil de sécurité de l’ONU a adopté, lundi 30 août, une résolution gravant dans le marbre les “engagements” des Taliban en faveur du départ “sûr” de ceux qui veulent quitter l’Afghanistan. Cependant, le texte n’exige pas la zone protégée évoquée par la France.
Treize des 15 membres ont voté en faveur de ce texte rédigé par les États-Unis, la France et le Royaume-Uni, tandis que la Chine et la Russie se sont abstenues.
Dans la résolution, le Conseil dit “s’attendre” à ce que les Taliban tiennent tous leurs “engagements”, notamment en ce qui concerne “le départ sûr” et “ordonné” d’Afghanistan “d’Afghans et ressortissants étrangers”, après le retrait des États-Unis qui s’est achevé mardi.
En revanche, il ne fait nullement référence à une zone protégée, évoquée par Emmanuel Macron. Dimanche, le président français avait déclaré que Paris et Londres allaient plaider à l’ONU pour la création d’une telle zone à Kaboul, notamment pour permettre la poursuite des “opérations humanitaires”.
Permettre un “passage sûr” pour les Afghans
“Je pense que ce projet est totalement réalisable. J’ai bon espoir qu’il puisse trouver une issue favorable, je ne vois pas qui pourrait s’opposer à la sécurisation des projets humanitaires”, avait-il précisé. Avant d’ajouter : “Cela donnerait un cadre des Nations unies pour agir dans l’urgence, et cela permettra surtout de mettre chacun devant ses responsabilités et à la communauté internationale de maintenir une pression sur les Taliban.”
L’Élysée s’est pour autant réjoui de l’adoption de la résolution. “Nous avons obtenu ce que nous demandions, à savoir ce qu’il fallait pour que l’aéroport soit un lieu sûr pour ceux qui veulent quitter Kaboul”, a indiqué l’exécutif français, qui a regretté les abstentions russe et chinoise.
Interrogés lundi, des diplomates à l’ONU ont expliqué qu’il ne s’agissait pas d’une zone protégée à proprement parler, mais plutôt de tenir les Taliban comptables de leur engagement à permettre un “passage sûr” pour les candidats au départ.
“Cette résolution n’est pas opérationnelle, il s’agit surtout de principes, de messages politiques-clés et d’avertissements”, a dit l’une de ces diplomates à des journalistes.
Selon Richard Gowan, spécialiste de l’ONU à l’organisation de prévention des conflits International Crisis Group, la résolution “adresse au moins un message politique aux Taliban au sujet de la nécessité de garder l’aéroport ouvert et d’aider les Nations unies à acheminer l’aide”.
La Chine pointe une “conséquence directe du retrait hâtif et désordonné”
Mais globalement, “le texte est assez léger” et “Macron a eu le tort de survendre l’idée d’une zone protégée à l’aéroport de Kaboul”, “ou en tout cas de ne pas communiquer de manière très claire”, a-t-il affirmé à l’AFP.
Selon la résolution, le Conseil de sécurité “réaffirme” aussi l’importance du “respect des droits humains, y compris ceux des femmes, des enfants et des minorités”, et “encourage” la mise en place d’une solution politique “inclusive” avec une participation “significative” des femmes.
Il “demande” également que le territoire afghan ne soit pas utilisé pour “menacer ou attaquer” d’autres pays, ni pour abriter des “terroristes”.
La Chine, qui s’est abstenue à l’instar de la Russie, a estimé que la situation actuelle était la “conséquence directe du retrait hâtif et désordonné” des forces occidentales.
Quant à la Russie, elle a déploré que les auteurs de la résolution n’aient pas pris en compte ses réserves sur la “fuite des cerveaux” provoquée par les évacuations et les départs d’Afghans ayant travaillé avec les pays étrangers ou l’ex-gouvernement pro-occidental, mais aussi sur “les effets néfastes” du gel des avoirs financiers de l’Afghanistan décidé par les Occidentaux après la prise du pouvoir par les Taliban.
Avec AFP et France24 à Kaboul.
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