Saisi par des victimes du génocide, le tribunal administratif de Paris a rejeté la requête, estimant que les agissements de la France au Rwanda en 1994 constituaient des « actes de gouvernement », qui bénéficient d’une totale immunité juridictionnelle.
Le tribunal administratif de Paris a rejeté jeudi 14 novembre une requête déposée par des victimes du génocide des Tutsi, au Rwanda, visant à faire condamner l’Etat français pour sa complicité présumée dans la tragédie survenue en 1994, s’estimant « incompétent ».
L’enjeu de ce contentieux était de savoir si les faits incriminés constituaient des « actes de gouvernement », qui bénéficient d’une totale immunité juridictionnelle, en général pour des raisons de diplomatie, de sûreté intérieure ou extérieure ou de faits de guerre.
Le tribunal administratif a statué dans ce sens, considérant « qu’il n’est pas compétent dès lors que les décisions et agissements de l’Etat français entre 1990 et 1994 à l’égard de l’Etat rwandais, puis de l’Organisation des Nations unies ne sont pas détachables de la conduite des relations internationales de la France ».
Les requérants réclamaient 700 millions d’euros
Signée par une vingtaine de victimes ou témoins du génocide et deux associations, Rwandais Avenir et le Collectif des parties civiles pour le Rwanda, la requête – une première devant la justice administrative – avait été déposée en avril 2023.
L’Etat français « pouvait éviter ce génocide : non seulement il n’en a rien fait, mais son soutien politique, diplomatique, militaire aux extrémistes hutu a été continu avant, pendant et après le génocide qu’ils ont commis », avait déclaré l’avocat des requérants, Serge Lewisch, lors de l’audience, le 24 octobre.
Les requérants, qui réclamaient 700 millions d’euros de réparation, accusaient notamment Paris de ne pas avoir dénoncé « le traité d’assistance militaire de 1975 à un gouvernement rwandais génocidaire ».
En cause, l’ancien secrétaire général de l’Elysée Hubert Védrine et plusieurs militaires, en particulier l’amiral Jacques Lanxade, chef d’état-major des armées en France en 1994. Ce dernier aurait, selon les requérants, « outrepassé ses pouvoirs ».
Une requête basée sur le rapport Duclert
La requête visait également l’opération française « Turquoise », conduite sous mandat de l’ONU, ayant fait l’objet par la justice pénale en octobre 2023 d’un non-lieu général, contesté par les parties civiles, qui ont fait appel.
Dans cette enquête pénale, les parties civiles accusent la France de « complicité de génocide » pour avoir, selon elles, sciemment abandonné pendant trois jours les civils tutsi réfugiés dans les collines de Bisesero, laissant se perpétrer le massacre de centaines d’entre eux par les génocidaires, du 27 au 30 juin 1994.
La requête administrative s’appuyait, en outre, sur le rapport d’une commission d’historiens présidée par Vincent Duclert, basé sur l’analyse d’archives françaises, qui a conclu aux responsabilités « lourdes et accablantes » de la France. Le rapport Duclert avait toutefois écarté toute « complicité » de génocide de la France. Selon l’ONU, les massacres au Rwanda ont fait plus de 800 000 morts entre avril et juillet 1994, essentiellement au sein de la minorité tutsi.
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