Vendredi de gratitude: Reine Nyiragahumuza, Nyabingi des Rastas

Récit de Mme Ariane Mukundente

Pour ce vendredi de gratitude, je vous parle d’un personnage mythique pour certains, mais qui a bel et bien existé et c’est une grande héroïne rwandaise. Curieusement, elle n’est pas connue des rwandais, mais par des étrangers jusqu’aux îles des Caraïbes en Jamaïque.

Laissez-moi vous présenter, la reine Nyiragahumuza ou Muhumuza selon certains, connue aussi sous le nom de Muserekande au Rwanda. Sa date de naissance n’est pas exactement connue, mais elle se situe vers la fin du 18ième siècle. Elle était l’une des épouses du roi rwandais Kigeli IV Rwabugiri.

Après la mort de Rwabugiri en 1895 et le coup d’État de Rucunshu en 1896, orchestré par l’épouse préférée de Rwabugiri, Kanjogera, pour introniser son fils, Musinga, à l’instar du successeur choisi, Rutalindwa, Muserakande a fui vers le nord à Mpororo en Uganda avec son fils Biregeya pour échapper au massacre.

Mais alors, ici, je vais vous raconter une petite histoire personelle que j’ai entendue quand j’étais jeune. Mes origines peuvent être retracées d’un petit village de Nyaruguru qui s’appelle Ngeli. Village insignifiant, mais dans le temps il y avait la maison du Roi Rwabugili. Son palais était à cinq minutes de chez moi, je connais l’endroit, ”ibigabiro” y sont toujours. Si je vous parle de mon village c’est que, croyez-le ou non, Nyiramuhumuza s’était enfui de Nyanza à Ngeli avec son fils, Biregeya pour fuir les massacres. Ngeli a été sa dernière demeure au Rwanda qu’elle a quitté pour s’enfuir définitivement vers l’Uganda.Il y a même une chanson qu’on chantait à cette reine hors du commun. Voilà pour la petite histoire! Un moment de gloire pour mon petit village natal!

Après sa fuite, elle se rebella contre l’establishment rwandais. Son premier combat devient, donc, personnelle, mais se transforma plus tard en une lutte coloniale contre les Britanniques en Uganda, les Allemands au Rwanda et les Belges au Congo. Malgré qu’elle soit rwandaise, elle développa son influence en Uganda en utilisant son pouvoir spirituel pour mobiliser les gens.

Nyiragahumuza se comporta comme un médium spirituel de Nyabingi, un culte dévoué autour d’une reine qui a vécu des siècles auparavant. Elle est possédée par l’esprit de la reine amazone, mais ses partisans ne la verront jamais car le culte l’oblige à se cacher dans un panier.

Les légendes les plus importantes à l’heure actuelle attribuent les origines de Nyabingi à Kitami, une reine du royaume de Mpororo du XVIIIe siècle (dans le sud de l’Ouganda), dont le meurtre par son mari, Murari, a été suivi d’une série de catastrophes naturelles. Après sa mort, toutes les atrocités qui se sont produites ont été considérées comme dues à la vengeance de Nyabingi, tandis que toutes les bonnes choses qui se sont produites ont été attribuées à son interférence positive qu’elle a exercée par l’intermédiaire de médiums qui avaient été possédés par son esprit. Ces possessions ont conduit à l’émergence d’une nouvelle pratique religieuse que les colonisateurs européens à l’époque ont largement qualifiée de culte de Nyabingi.

En revendiquant l’autorité spirituelle par l’intermédiaire de Nyabingi, Nyiragahumuza a pu rallier le peuple Abakiga du nord du Rwanda derrière elle pour contester la prétention de Musinga au trône. Au cours des années suivantes, elle a levé des armées et organisé une série d’insurrections visant à introniser son fils, Biregeya, qui, selon elle, était le successeur légitime de Rwabugiri. Elle a également encouragé ses partisans à lui rendre hommage, plutôt qu’à la cour de Musinga. En réponse, Musinga a demandé aux colonisateurs allemands de l’aider à vaincre le mouvement de Nyiragahumuza.

Les Allemands l’ont arrêtée en 1908 pour de la sorcellerie et l’ont emprisonnée à Bukoba jusqu’à son évasion en 1911. Une fois de plus, elle fuit vers le nord où elle commence à rallier ses partisans, mais cette fois au mépris des colonisateurs allemands et britanniques qui revendiquent la région, en collaboration avec le chef Basebya. Ils étaient à l’origine des premières résistances armées contre la colonisation dans la région, Nyiragahumuza encourageant leurs partisans à ne pas craindre les armes européennes car Nyabingi transformerait les balles des Européens en eau.

La rébellion de Nyiragahumuza a suscité beaucoup d’inquiétude parmi les colonisateurs européens de la région, ainsi que parmi les missionnaires européens qui tentaient de répandre le christianisme, incitant les Allemands et les Britanniques à unir leurs forces.

Le 29 septembre 1911, ils ont encerclé les forces de Nyiragahumuza et, après une courte bataille, l’ont arrêtée. Les Britanniques l’ont escortée à Kampala, où ils l’ont gardée en résidence surveillée jusqu’à sa mort en 1945.Ainsi, elle est vénérée pour son combat contre les trois puissances coloniales – les Allemands, les Britanniques et les Belges – mais aussi sa résistance à l’establishment et aux normes qui limitaient les droits des femmes dans la société.

Certains de ses disciples croient réellement que Nyiragahumuza elle-même est la reine Nyabingi. D’autres la voient comme étant la réincarnation, ou comme l’être possédé par l’esprit d’une reine rwandaise du même nom qui a vécu plusieurs siècles en arrière.

Malheureusement son histoire n’a jamais été entièrement documentée, en raison de la nature patriarcale de la société et de l’impérialisme colonial. Elle a inspiré toute une lutte anticoloniale dans la région.

Très peu connue à travers l’Afrique, l’histoire de Nyiragahumuza a été intégré dans le mouvement de Rasftafari où elle est devenue le symbole de la résistance anti-impérialiste même au-delà de l’Afrique. Le culte de Nyabingi entourant sa personne a donné son nom au manoir de Nyabingi une branche du Mouvement Rastafari de Jamaïque.

Aujourd’hui, les partisans de la reine Nyiragahumuza la considèrent comme un modèle et une véritable représentation de l’inclusion et de la résistance à des normes qui minent des sections de la société.

Ainsi, rendons hommage à cette héroïne rwandaise au vrai sens du terme qui a été récupéré par d’autres peuples ayant reconnu sa bravoure. L’esprit de Nyiragahumuza vit à travers le mouvement Rastafari popularisé par le célèbre chanteur Bob Marley. Le seul artiste qui lui a rendu hommage, chez nous est Ben Rutabana dans Nyabingi Story.

Certains historiens, écrivains ougandais et certains essayent de réhabiliter son image pour qu’elle devienne un modèle inspirant et une figure historique dans la lutte contre le colonialisme.

C’était une femme intelligente, puissante et charismatique qui a définitivement sa place au panthéon de nos héros. Reine Nyiragahumuza niyubahwe!

150 thoughts on “Vendredi de gratitude: Reine Nyiragahumuza, Nyabingi des Rastas

  1. Hi! I could have sworn I’ve visited this website before
    but after going through some of the articles I realized it’s new to me.
    Regardless, I’m definitely delighted I found it and I’ll be bookmarking it and checking back regularly!

  2. Excellent post however , I was wondering if you could write a litte more on this topic?
    I’d be very thankful if you could elaborate a little bit more.
    Many thanks!

  3. Hi, I do think this is a great web site. I stumbledupon it 😉 I’m going to come back yet again since I bookmarked it. Money and freedom is the best way to change, may you be rich and continue to guide other people.

  4. Good – I should definitely pronounce, impressed with your site. I had no trouble navigating through all the tabs as well as related info ended up being truly simple to do to access. I recently found what I hoped for before you know it at all. Reasonably unusual. Is likely to appreciate it for those who add forums or anything, site theme . a tones way for your customer to communicate. Nice task.

  5. Greetings I am so delighted I found your web site, I really found you by mistake, while
    I was researching on Digg for something else, Regardless I am here now and would just like to say kudos for a marvelous
    post and a all round entertaining blog (I
    also love the theme/design), I don’t have
    time to read it all at the minute but I have saved it and also added in your
    RSS feeds, so when I have time I will be back to read a lot more,
    Please do keep up the fantastic jo.

  6. Awesome blog! Is your theme custom made or did you download
    it from somewhere? A theme like yours with a few simple tweeks would really make my blog jump out.
    Please let me know where you got your design. With thanks

  7. You could definitely see your expertise in the work you write. The sector hopes for more passionate writers like you who aren’t afraid to say how they believe. At all times follow your heart. “Until you walk a mile in another man’s moccasins you can’t imagine the smell.” by Robert Byrne.

  8. First of all I would like to say great blog!

    I had a quick question that I’d like to ask if you do not mind.

    I was interested to know how you center yourself and clear your thoughts prior to writing.
    I’ve had difficulty clearing my thoughts in getting my ideas out.
    I do take pleasure in writing but it just seems like the first 10 to 15 minutes tend to be wasted
    simply just trying to figure out how to begin. Any ideas or tips?
    Cheers!

  9. You can definitely see your expertise in the work you write.
    The arena hopes for even more passionate writers like you who are not afraid to say how they believe.
    At all times go after your heart.

  10. With havin so much content and articles do you ever run into any issues of plagorism
    or copyright violation? My blog has a lot
    of exclusive content I’ve either authored myself or outsourced but it seems a lot of it is popping it up
    all over the web without my permission. Do you know any
    solutions to help stop content from being stolen? I’d definitely appreciate it.

  11. Thanks , I have just been looking for information about this topic for
    a long time and yours is the best I’ve came
    upon till now. However, what in regards to the bottom line?
    Are you sure concerning the supply?

  12. I think other site proprietors should take this site as an model, very clean and fantastic user friendly style and design, let alone the content. You’re an expert in this topic!

  13. I do like the manner in which you have presented this particular difficulty plus it really does offer us a lot of fodder for thought. Nevertheless, from what precisely I have personally seen, I basically wish when other commentary pile on that people today continue to be on point and in no way embark on a soap box associated with the news of the day. Still, thank you for this superb point and although I can not concur with the idea in totality, I value the perspective.

  14. Youre so cool! I dont suppose Ive learn anything like this before. So nice to find any individual with some unique thoughts on this subject. realy thank you for starting this up. this website is something that’s wanted on the internet, someone with a bit originality. helpful job for bringing something new to the internet!

  15. Does your site have a contact page? I’m having a tough time locating it but, I’d like to shoot you an e-mail. I’ve got some suggestions for your blog you might be interested in hearing. Either way, great site and I look forward to seeing it expand over time.

  16. Hi there! I could have sworn I’ve been to this blog before but after reading through some of the post I realized it’s new to me. Anyhow, I’m definitely glad I found it and I’ll be bookmarking and checking back frequently!

  17. I know this web page offers quality depending articles and
    extra material, is there any other site which presents these information in quality?

  18. Do you have a spam problem on this website; I also am a blogger, and I
    was wondering your situation; we have created some nice methods and we are looking to swap methods with
    others, be sure to shoot me an e-mail if interested.

  19. Very nice post. I just stumbled upon your blog and wished to say
    that I’ve truly enjoyed browsing your blog posts. After all I will be
    subscribing to your rss feed and I hope you write again very soon!

  20. I’m truly enjoying the design and layout of your blog.
    It’s a very easy on the eyes which makes it much more pleasant for me to come here and
    visit more often. Did you hire out a designer to create your theme?
    Excellent work!

  21. Aw, this was an exceptionally nice post. Finding the time and actual effort to create a superb article… but what can I say… I put things off a whole lot and never seem to get anything done.

  22. Howdy! I could have sworn I’ve visited your blog
    before but after browsing through some of the posts I realized it’s
    new to me. Regardless, I’m definitely pleased I discovered it and I’ll be book-marking it and checking back often!

  23. I just couldn’t depart your web site prior to suggesting
    that I actually enjoyed the standard info a person supply
    on your guests? Is going to be again ceaselessly to investigate cross-check new posts

  24. I am amazed by the enormous Lego sculptures made for exhibitions and
    other events. These sculptures are truly works
    of artwork. top-ranked lego Brick Sets Lego Great
    will always be my first-choice store for everything Lego. Their selection is unparalleled.
    Who needs a Jack of all Trades when you have a LEGO Brick of all Bricks?
    The possibilities are endless!

  25. It’s really a nice and useful piece of information. I’m happy that you simply shared this helpful information with us.
    Please stay us up to date like this. Thank you for sharing.

  26. Thanks for every other great article. The place else may anybody get that type of info
    in such a perfect way of writing? I have a presentation next week, and I’m on the
    search for such info.

  27. Hi! This is my first comment here so I just wanted to give a quick
    shout out and say I truly enjoy reading through your articles.
    Can you recommend any other blogs/websites/forums that cover the same
    subjects? Thanks a ton!

  28. hi!,I like your writing very much! share we keep in touch extra about your
    post on AOL? I need a specialist in this house to solve my problem.
    Maybe that’s you! Having a look ahead to look you.

  29. A fascinating discussion is worth comment. There’s no doubt that that you ought to write more on this subject, it may not be a taboo matter but generally people do not talk about these subjects. To the next! All the best!!

  30. Wonderful blog you have here but I was wondering if you knew of any community
    forums that cover the same topics talked about in this article?
    I’d really like to be a part of online community where I can get
    comments from other knowledgeable individuals that share the same interest.
    If you have any suggestions, please let me know. Appreciate it!

  31. Thank you a lot for sharing this with all people you really
    recognise what you are speaking approximately! Bookmarked.
    Please additionally discuss with my site =). We can have a hyperlink trade contract
    among us

  32. I happen to be writing to make you understand of the amazing encounter our princess obtained viewing your webblog. She noticed so many issues, not to mention what it’s like to have an ideal giving character to let other people with ease comprehend chosen complex subject matter. You actually did more than my expected results. Thank you for supplying these productive, trustworthy, educational not to mention cool guidance on this topic to Lizeth.

  33. I’m impressed, I must say. Seldom do I encounter a blog that’s both equally educative and engaging,
    and let me tell you, you’ve hit the nail on the head.
    The issue is something which not enough people are speaking intelligently
    about. I am very happy I came across this during
    my search for something concerning this.

    my web page: vpn special code

  34. Наша группа опытных специалистов предоставлена подать вам современные подходы, которые не только гарантируют надежную охрану от холодных воздействий, но и преподнесут вашему зданию трендовый вид.
    Мы трудимся с современными строительными материалами, заверяя долгосрочный запас эксплуатации и прекрасные результаты. Теплоизоляция фронтонов – это не только экономия на обогреве, но и ухаживание о экосистеме. Экологичные технологии, какие мы применяем, способствуют не только твоему, но и сохранению природных ресурсов.
    Самое ключевое: [url=https://ppu-prof.ru/]Утепление фасада расценка[/url] у нас открывается всего от 1250 рублей за квадратный метр! Это бюджетное решение, которое превратит ваш помещение в реальный тепличный уголок с минимальными затратами.
    Наши примеры – это не исключительно изолирование, это постройка области, в где каждый деталь отражает ваш свой манеру. Мы возьмем во внимание все все твои запросы, чтобы осуществить ваш дом еще более приятным и привлекательным.
    Подробнее на [url=https://ppu-prof.ru/]http://ppu-prof.ru/[/url]
    Не откладывайте занятия о своем корпусе на потом! Обращайтесь к квалифицированным работникам, и мы сделаем ваш дом не только комфортнее, но и моднее. Заинтересовались? Подробнее о наших сервисах вы можете узнать на веб-ресурсе. Добро пожаловать в пределы уюта и стандартов.

  35. I am extremely inspired together with your writing skills and also with the structure on your blog. Is this a paid subject or did you customize it your self? Anyway keep up the nice quality writing, it is uncommon to look a nice blog like this one nowadays..

  36. Hi, i think that i saw you visited my blog so i came to “return the favor”.I am attempting to find things to enhance my site!I suppose its ok to use some of your ideas!!

  37. Definitely believe that which you said. Your favorite reason appeared to be on the net the easiest thing to be aware of. I say to you, I certainly get irked while people think about worries that they plainly do not know about. You managed to hit the nail upon the top and defined out the whole thing without having side effect , people can take a signal. Will likely be back to get more. Thanks

  38. Thanks, I have just been looking for info approximately this topic for a while and yours is the best I have discovered so far. However, what in regards to the conclusion? Are you sure concerning the supply?

  39. I’m impressed, I need to say. Actually rarely do I encounter a weblog that’s both educative and entertaining, and let me tell you, you’ve gotten hit the nail on the head. Your thought is excellent; the issue is one thing that not enough people are speaking intelligently about. I am very happy that I stumbled across this in my search for something relating to this.

  40. The other day, while I was at work, my cousin stole my iPad and tested to see if it can survive a 30 foot drop, just so she can be a youtube sensation. My apple ipad is now broken and she has 83 views. I know this is completely off topic but I had to share it with someone!

  41. I’m impressed, I have to say. Really not often do I encounter a blog that’s each educative and entertaining, and let me inform you, you’ve hit the nail on the head. Your concept is outstanding; the problem is something that not enough individuals are speaking intelligently about. I am very comfortable that I stumbled throughout this in my seek for one thing referring to this.

  42. Hi , I do believe this is an excellent blog. I stumbled upon it on Yahoo , i will come back once again. Money and freedom is the best way to change, may you be rich and help other people.

  43. What Is LeanBiome? LeanBiome is a natural weight loss supplement that reverses bacterial imbalance in your gut microbiome with the help of nine science-backed lean bacteria species with Greenselect Phytosome, a caffeine-free green tea extract crafted with patented phytosome technology.

  44. I was very pleased to find this web-site.I wanted to thanks for your time for this wonderful read!! I definitely enjoying every little bit of it and I have you bookmarked to check out new stuff you blog post.

  45. What Is Java Burn? Java Burn is a natural health supplement that is formulated using clinically backed ingredients that promote healthy weight loss.

  46. Nice post. I learn something more challenging on different blogs everyday. It will always be stimulating to read content from other writers and practice a little something from their store. I’d prefer to use some with the content on my blog whether you don’t mind. Natually I’ll give you a link on your web blog. Thanks for sharing.

  47. You could definitely see your skills in the work you write. The world hopes for even more passionate writers like you who are not afraid to mention how they believe. At all times go after your heart. “In order to preserve your self-respect, it is sometimes necessary to lie and cheat.” by Robert Byrne.

  48. hi!,I love your writing so a lot! share we communicate more about your article on AOL? I require an expert on this house to solve my problem. Maybe that is you! Looking ahead to see you.

  49. What i don’t understood is actually how you are not actually much more well-preferred than you might be right now. You’re very intelligent. You already know therefore considerably with regards to this subject, made me individually consider it from so many varied angles. Its like women and men are not fascinated except it’s one thing to accomplish with Girl gaga! Your personal stuffs nice. Always handle it up!

  50. My spouse and i felt quite thrilled John could round up his web research because of the precious recommendations he acquired from your web site. It is now and again perplexing to simply happen to be giving away ideas which usually some people may have been trying to sell. And we also grasp we have got the website owner to appreciate for this. The explanations you have made, the simple blog menu, the friendships you can aid to instill – it’s many exceptional, and it’s leading our son in addition to us consider that this idea is enjoyable, and that’s quite serious. Many thanks for the whole lot!

  51. Youre so cool! I dont suppose Ive learn something like this before. So good to seek out any individual with some original ideas on this subject. realy thank you for starting this up. this website is one thing that is wanted on the net, someone with a bit of originality. useful job for bringing something new to the web!

  52. Hello there, just became aware of your blog through Google, and found that it is really informative. I am going to watch out for brussels. I’ll appreciate if you continue this in future. A lot of people will be benefited from your writing. Cheers!

  53. I just couldn’t depart your website prior to suggesting that I extremely enjoyed the standard information an individual provide to your guests? Is gonna be again steadily in order to check up on new posts

  54. Hi there! This post couldn’t be written any better! Reading through this post reminds me of my previous room mate! He always kept talking about this. I will forward this article to him. Pretty sure he will have a good read. Thank you for sharing!

  55. какие знаки зодиака самые сплетники к чему снится
    починить молитва девяти мученикам кизическим для устройства
    на работу, молитва девяти целителям
    совместимость овна 1 апреля тигровый глаз
    камень свойства магические кому подходит по знаку
    зодиака

  56. знак зодиака май 13, 13 мая знак зодиака
    совместимость схема расклада карт
    таро на работу сколько всего карт
    таро в киберпанк 2077
    асцендент в джйотиш что магический квадрат пифагора
    рассчитать онлайн бесплатно

  57. собирать во сне крупную чернику,
    к чему снится черника много приснилось что много
    молока грудного к чему это таро как понять карты на вопрос с ответом да
    или нет, гадание таро да-нет значение
    если снится кошка котится восьмерка земли манара

  58. к чему чешется левая пятка в субботу
    молитвы перед началом чтения
    псалтири читать меркурий соединение с плутоном в весах
    фото девушка с магическим шаром 25
    марта 1986 сколько лет

  59. I was very pleased to find this web-site.I wanted to thanks for your time for this wonderful read!! I definitely enjoying every little bit of it and I have you bookmarked to check out new stuff you blog post.

  60. Magnificent web site. Plenty of helpful information here. I¦m sending it to a few friends ans also sharing in delicious. And of course, thank you in your sweat!

  61. бюджетные университеты алматы, университеты алматы педагогические поздравление от деда мороза и снегурочки
    для детей, поздравление от снегурочки шыны банка,
    купить шины бу в алматы елестеп көз алдыма, фариза
    оңғарсынова өлеңдерін талдау

  62. After study a few of the blog posts on your website now, and I truly like your way of blogging. I bookmarked it to my bookmark website list and will be checking back soon. Pls check out my web site as well and let me know what you think.

  63. I was just searching for this information for a while. After 6 hours of continuous Googleing, at last I got it in your web site. I wonder what’s the lack of Google strategy that don’t rank this type of informative web sites in top of the list. Generally the top web sites are full of garbage.

  64. к чему снится купание в горной реке энтузиазм знаков
    зодиака почему он не уходит
    от жены таро
    к чему снится выпал из окна человек рак знак зодиака совместимость с девой

  65. ева және сиқырлы жаратылыстар соңғы стожар
    аудиокітап қазақстан өнеркәсібінің
    кемшіліктері, өнеркәсіп эссе жыртық кітап
    неге жылады, әдебиеттік оқу
    2 сынып жыртық кітап жылады
    улытауская область где находится, улытауская область карта

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *