| Umunsi nk’uyu…….Icyo gihe Tariki 7 Nzeri…….. Turi tariki 7 nzeri 1997,umunsi Maréchal Mobutu yapfiriyeho. Uwo munsi nibwo Maréchal Mobutu Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu Wa Za Banga yaguye ishyanga,mu buhungiro, nyuma y’igihe kinini arwaye indwara ya Kanseri y’amabya (cancer de la prostate),agwa mu bitaro bya gisirikare by’igihugu cya Maroc, yari afite imyaka 67 gusa. Yabaye uwa 2 ku rutonde rw’aba Présidents ba Répubulika iharanira demukarasi ya Congo (yahoze yitwa Zaïre).Nuko asohorerwaho na ya mvugo ngo “abanyagitugu bose bapfa rumwe,bagwa ku gasi,ishyanga”. Yashyinguwe nk’umuntu utazwi,hari abantu babarirwa ku ntoki nabo bo mu muryango we bwite. Yashyinguwe mu irimbi rya Gikrisitu ry’i Rabat,mu murwa mukuru w’Ubwami bwa Maroc, na n’ubu niho Nyakubahwa Maréchal akibarizwa.Umurambo we,ntiwigeze ucyurwa ku ivuko mu gihugu yubatse cya RD Congo. Nzanga Mobutu, umwe mu bahungu be, yarabigerageje igihe yari vice-Premier ministre (uwungirije Minisitiri w’Intebe)icyarimwe na Ministre w’akazi nyuma y’amatora ya 2006, yifuzaga kugarura umurambo wa Se ngo ushyingurwe i Kinshasa mu cyubahiro ukwiye,igihugu cy’abasekuruza be,ariko byaranze. Amafuti yaba yarakoze uko yangana kose,abenshi bemeranya ko Maréchal Mobutu yasigiye umurage ukomeye aba zaïrois badashobora kwibagirwa cyangwa gusibanganya, ikiruta byose mu byo yakoze ni ukugera ku mahoro asesuye ,ubumwe n’ituze mu gihugu cyose aho wajyaga hose. Kuri Maréchal Mobutu,ubumwe amahoro n’ukutavogerwa kw’imipaka yose ni byo byari biyoboye politike ze zose kandi ntawe yabijyagaho impaka. Ninde wakwibagirwa ko muri 1977, mu rwego rwo gushakira umuti urambye ibibazo birebana n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage bose ba Zayire,icyo gihe Mobutu yatangije icyo yise “Plan Mobutu”(ni nka VIZIYO), hanyuma muri décembre 1984 agatangiza icyo yise “le Septennat du social” (Imyaka 7 yo kubonera umuti ibibazo by’imibereho myiza y’abaturage). Ni muri icyo gihe kandi ,We ubwe yazengurutse intara zose uko zari 9 z’igihugu,akora inzinduko (visites) 559 ngo yirebere n’amaso ye uko abaturage bose bose babayeho. Ikindi kandi,n’uwamwanga ntiyahakana ko Mobutu yari umukozi utananirwa wakundaga kubaka cyane ibikorwa remezo ku buryo kugeza uyu munsi mu bamukurikiye nta n’umwe uranagerageza kumwigana,ibyo yasize yubatse ni ishema ry’aba congolais bose kugeza n’uyu munsi : Yubatse le Palais du peuple(Ingoro ya Rubanda),yubaka urugomero(barrage) rwa Inga, yubaka La sidérurgie de Maluku, Ikiraro cyiswe le Pont Maréchal, yubatse ingoro yise la Cité de l’Union africaine, yubaka Ingoro nini nziza yiswe la Cité de la Voix du Zaïre-Radiyo,Televiziyo y’Igihugu (actuelle RTNC), Inybako ndende zitwa les buildings CCIZ (ubu ni Hôtel du Fleuve), yubaka stade des Martyrs, n’ibindi bitangaje byinshi…. Amavu n’amavuko ye mu ncamake Joseph-Désiré Mobutu yavukiye Lisala muri 1930. Ise umubyara, Albéric Gbemani, yari cuisinier w’umukoloni(umuzungu) waho i Lisala, ariko yapfuye uzaba Maréchal ariwe muhungu we Joseph-Désiré afite gusa imyaka 8.Yaje kurerwa na Sekuru na Se wabo umwe,akomereza amashuri mato mu ishuri ry’aba catholique. Amaze kugira imyaka 20 yinjiye igisirikare( Force publique) cyo mu ntara ya Luluabourg. Yaje kugirwa secrétaire-comptable, nyuma aza koherezwa gukora mu biro bikuru bya Gisirikare (état-major) mu murwa mukuru icyo gihe witwaga Léopoldville, hari muri 1953. Agize 25,yashyingiranywe n’umukobwa w’imyaka 14 witwa Marie-Antoinette Gbiatibwa Yetene, babanye neza babyarana abana umunani. Mu gisirikare yabaye umu sous-officier, nyuma asa nk’ukivuyemo aba umunyamakuru (journaliste) w’ikinyamakuru kigenga cy’i Léopoldville cyitwa L’Avenir. Muri 1957,umwe mu barimu be bamutozaga kumenyera umwuga w’itangazamakuru witwa Antoine-Roger Bolamba, yamuhuje na Kizigenza Mukuru intwari Patrice Lumumba.Hanyuma bwa mbere mu buzima bwe,yurira indege ajya i Burayi mu nama ikomeye y’iby’itangazamakuru yabereye i Bruxelles, irangiye aguma yo igihe cy’inyongera kugira ngo anafate amahugurwa y’ Abakozi bashinzwe imibereho myiza y’abaturage bazwi i Burayi ku izina ry’aba assistant social. Akiriyo, abahagarariye ishyaka Mouvement national congolais (MNC), rya Kizigenza Intwari Patrice Lumumba, baje mu Bubiligi kuganira n’aba Gashaka buhake uko bahabwa indépendance,Ubwigenge. Bakiri yo muri ayo manama yo gushyikirana n’abazungu bigoranye,na Mobutu yabiyunzeho kuko ntacyo yatangwaga,yegera uwitwa Antoine Kiwewa anamusaba kumwinjiza mu ishyaka rya Lumumba MNC ngo bafatanye ; hari mu mezi yoa Mutarama Gashyantare1960. Icyo gihe ni nabwo umunyamerika witwa Larry Devlin (en) wari umusirikare mukuru mu mutwe w’Ubutasi wa CIA witeguraga kujya gushinga IBIRO bya CIA muri Congo yamuteye imboni aramukunda,baba agati gakubiranye gutyo. Muri Nyakanga 1960, yashyizwe muri Leta aba secrétaire d’État wa gouvernement yigenga yaharaniwe na Patrice Lumumba. Yari Rutemayeze cyane,yabonye ko hari abanye politike batarebana neza,kandi akaba ari umwe mu bantu ba hafi ya Lumumba bize kandi bakoze igisirikare,yigira umwana mwiza kuri Lumumba kugeza ubwo azamutse vuba vuba mu mapeti ya gisirikare. Nguko uko yageze ubwo aba Umugaba mukuru wungirije,nuko aba igikoresho cya ambassadeur wa Belgique muri Congo wangaga urunuka Lumumba wabakuye amata mu kanwa, Mobutu aremera arahemuka afungira Lumumba iwe mu rugo ni mu mwaka wa 1960. Iyo niyo Kudeta ya mbere yabay,hari kuya le 14 Nzeri 1960 yatumye Ububiligi bukundwakaza cyane Mobutu. Yasheshe guverinoma ya Lumumba ashyiraho iye y’agateganyo yise Collège des commissaires généraux.Imbere ya za caméras,nta soni na nke, Mobutu yashinje Lumumba kuba igikoresho cy’aba communistes,ariko byari imibare ye kugirago yikundishe ku gihangange cyarebanaga iy’ingwe ubu Russia aricyo États-Unis z’Amerika. Amerika yamushyize ku ibere karahava! Lumumba yagerageje guhungira i Stanleyville,ariko ntibyamuhira kuko abasirikare ba Mobutu bamucakiye akiri nzira,noneho bajya kumufungira muri Gereza,bamukorera iyicarubozo,nyuma yimurirwa Katanga ari naho ibinywamaraso bya Mobutu,igikoresho cy’Ububiligi na Amerika cyategetse ko yicwa tariki 17Mutarama 1961, maze bakora ku buryo n’umurambo we uburirwa irengero neza neza. Ibyo byatumye uwitwa Pierre Mulele, atangiza inyeshyamba ngo ahirike Mobutu ahorere Lumumba. Izo nyeshyamba zagize ingufu nyinshi cyane ku buryo mu gihe gito gusa zari zimaze gufata nibura 2/3 bya Congo yose, Mobutu asigarana gusa 1/3 ariko ntibyatinze cyane kuko za ncuti ze arizo États-Unis zahuruye zigafasha Mobutu kongera kwigarurira igihugu cyose.Iyo « nsinzi », ntiyari kuyigeraho rwose adafashijwe na ba Gashakabuhake, n’ubwo yayirase akabica bigacika kandi bikamubera intwaro ya politike y’imbere mu gihugu aho yigize nk’Imana ya Congo,uwo bakesha amahoro,n’ubumwe bw’igihugu.Ingufu ze yazubakiye ku nkingi ebyiri ari zo : Gushyushya intambara y’ubutita(guerre froide ) mu mibanire ye n’amahanga ho yegamiye Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika hamwe n’icyo yitaga Ituze ry’imbere mu gihugu. Yanaye umunyagitugu ugenzura imbaraga zose z’ubutegetsi , akarwanya nta mpuhwe na nke ushatse kumwigomekaho wese. Amaherezo bigeze muri 1994, n’ubwo yari atangiye kwemera kugabana ubutegesti n’umukuru w’inteko nshingamategeko,igihugu cye cyahuye n’ikindi kibazo gikomeye cy’ubukungu bwaguye. Bihumira ku mirari igihe hazaga impunzi nyinshi cyane z’abanyarwanda bahungaga intambara,ubwicanyi,akaduruvayo na génocide yo mu Rwanda hanyuma kuva muri 1996 umutwe wiyise Alliance de forces démocratiques pour la libération du Congo(Afdl) umutwe wari uyobowe muri byose n’ingabo za FPR Inkotanyi( Front patriotique rwandais) hamwe n’ingabo z’igihugu cya Ouganda, utera uyobowe ku izina gusa na Laurent-Désiré Kabila. Barihuse cyane binjira Kinshasa tariki ya 17 Gicurasi 1997, bakuraho burundu Leta kandi baheza ishyanga Mobutu Sese Seko wari unarwaye cyane, nubwo ntako atari yagize ngo yumvikane na Kabila uwo bahujwe n’Umuhuza Nelson Mandela ubwa nyuma bahuriye mu bwato Outenika. Mobutu yabanje guhungira Togo ariko perezida wa Togo Gnassingbé Eyadéma asaba Mobutugushaka ahandi ajya.Yamaze amezi menshi mu gihugu cy’Ubu Suisse na France yivuza,ariko biranga neza neza, Mobutu Sese Seko yicwa na cancer y’amabya(prostate) hari tariki 7 nzeri 1997 agwa mu bitaro bya gusirikare byitwa Mohammed V by’i Rabat ashyingurwa mu irimbi ry’abazungu ryo muri uwo mugi,hari hashize amezi ane inyeshyamba Laurent-Désiré Kabila afashe ubutegetsi. Yasize ifaranga rya Zayire ryarataye agaciro,ubukungu bwifashe nabi,kandi igihugu kiri mu ntambara irimo ibihugu hafi ya byose byo mu karere n’ibya kure,byose bije kwisahurira amabuye y’agaciro no kuhisanzurira,intambara zica ibintu hirya no hino mu gihugu cya Lumumba. Sources: Wikipédia et le blog : www.babunga.alobi.cd |
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