Inkuru ya Jean Claude Nkubito
Ku bakiri bato ubu kubabwira umunyeshuri wo mu yisumbuye mu cyaro bumva ntacyo bibabwiye kuko hafi ya hose mu gihugu hari amashuri yisumbuye ariko menshi bigamo bataha iwabo. Hambere aha rero si ko byari bimeze.
Umunyeshuri wo mu yisumbuye ntiyabaga ari umuntu usanzwe ndetse ntiyitwaga umunyeshuri yitwaga umunyamashuri. Bakavuga ko yiga mu mashuri makuru. Aya ntaho ahuriye n’izi kaminuza ziboneka ahantu hose mu gihugu n’ubwo yitwaga makuru !
Nuko rero, jye namenye ba minisitiri b’amashuri mato n’ayisumbuye babiri, bakomeye, ndavuga aba mbere ya 1990. Ntabwo nabigiye kuri radio nabigiye mu ishuri kuko byabaga mu cyigishwa. Abo namenye ni Mutemberezi Petero Claver na Aloys Nsekalije.
Mutemberezi azwiho kuba yarigeze guha abanyeshuri bato n’abo mu mashuri yisumbuye (abanyamashuri) imyenda y’ishuri mu mwaka w’abana muri 1979.
Nsekalije we rwose azwiho kuba yari yarashyizeho politiki y’iringaniza mu mashuri yisumbuye n’amakuru hakiga umwana hagasiba undi mu yisumbuye. Abafite amakuru atuzuye cyangwa abogamye nkana bazakubwira ko abahutu bigaga abatutsi ntibige. Ariko usubiye inyuma wasanga abakene bo mu bwoko bwose batarigaga abifashije bakiga. Kuko waba umuhutu waba umututsi wigerera i Kigali washoboraga kugura umwanya mu yisumbuye utanze ibihumbi 50 umwana wawe akazasohoka ku rutonde rw’abanyamashuri. N’ubwo rero iringaniza ryibasiraga abatutsi, ariko iyo ushishoje neza usanga ryaribasiraga icyaro, aho iwacu mpora mvuga, ku buryo wasangaga n’amashuri yisumbuye ahubatse yiganjemo abana b’i Kigali, Gisenyi na Butare, na bo baturutse mu bigo by’amashuri abanza azwi cyangwa bafite ababyeyi bigereraga ibukuru.
Ni yo mpamvu mu cyaro rwose kwemererwa kujya mu yisumbuye byabaga ari ibintu bidasanzwe. N’uwemerewe agahinduka umuntu udasanzwe abantu bose bazi, kandi bahanze amaso.
Nyuma vuba aha rwose naje gusobanukirwa ko politiki ya leta yari ukwigisha abo ibasha guha akazi, kandi koko uwize wese kugera mu wa kane n’ubwo atarangiza yabonaga akazi nibura k’ubwarimu.
Reka twigarukire mu banyamashuri abakozi tuzabaganiraho ubutaha tuvuga ibya kaminuza. Iyo rero umunyeshuri yasohokaga ku rutonde rw’abemerewe kwiga mu mashuri yisumbuye komine yose yarabimenyaga kuko byamanikwaga kuri komine. Abatsindiye kwiga mu iseminari bo babavugaga mu kiliziya kuko bakoraga ikizami cyabo cyiyongera ku cya leta.
Iyo wasohokaga ku rutonde rero umuryango wawe n’ubwo wishimaga wameraga nk’uguye mu kantu cyangwa nk’umugabo ubyaje umugore mu nzara. Ababyeyi bakubitaga hirya bagakubita hino, ngiryo itungo bakarigurisha, ngizo ikawa bakagwatiriza, yewe n’umurima. Banki iyi mubona yasabagiye, yageze mu cyaro muri 1983 ari banque populaire. Ubundi ifaranga warivanaga mu itungo, imyaka cyangwa urwagwa wagurishije. Ubwo rero rwose iyo abemerewe bavugwaga hakiri igihe gihagije, habaga n’ubwo umubyeyi afashe umupanga agasaba ibitoki. Ibi kubisobanura biragoye ahari nzabitindaho nimvuga ibyo gucyuza ubukwe.
Muri make ariko, byarashobokaga ko umubyeyi asaba ibitoki mu ngo baturanye akabitara urwagwa ruvuyemo akarugurisha ngo ajyane umwana kwiga. Umunyeshuri yaguraga ibintu byinshi kuko abanyeshuri bigaga baguma ku ishuri ari byo bitaga internat. Nta munyeshuri wigaga ataha ibyo ni iby’ejobundi muri za 1988.
Ikindi abanyeshuri bose bagombaga kugira ibya ngombwa nkenerwa runaka buri wese agomba kuzana bidapfa bidapfusha. Ntabwo washoboraga kugenda wikoreye ikirago cyo kwiyorosa muri secondaire nk’iwanyu mu rugo, kuko mu mashuri biyorosaga amashuka n’ibiringiti. Ntiwashoboraga kumeshesha ivu, ibirogora cyangwa intobo kuko ntaho wari kubivana, wagombaga kujyana isabune zo kumesa za Sulfo cyangwa Sakirwa. N’ubwo wari kuba udafite inkweto wagombaga kugira nibura kamba mbiri kuko wagombaga kwambara inkweto.
Ikindi gikomeye, politiki y’uburezi yasaranganyaga abanyeshuri bemerewe mu gihugu hose ku buryo wavaga i Cyangugu mu Kinyaga ukajya kwiga i Kibungo mu Gisaka cyangwa i Gisenyi mu Bugoyi. Nk’uko nabivuze, amashuri ya za Kibogora, Shangi, Nyamasheke na Gihundwe yo muri Cyangugu wasangaga yuzuyemo abana b’i Kigali na Butare ndetse na Kibuye. Amashuri ya Nyundo, Rambura na Muramba ku gisenyi wasangagamo abanya Cyangugu, abanya Kigali, abanya Ruhengeri, Butare n’ahandi. Mu mafaranga umubyeyi yagombaga gukusanya habagamo ayo kwishyura ishuri, ay’ibikoresho, ay’impamba n’ay’urugendo.
Muri make kugira umwana wemerewe kujya mu « mashuri » byabaga ari urubanza, runagoye kurushaho kuko rutitegurwaga rwaratunguranaga. Iby’ubuzima bwo ku ishuri rero nzabigarukaho ikindi gihe, reka nivugire uko umunyeshuri «umunyamashuri » yafatwaga mu cyaro.
Igihembwe cya mbere iyo cyarangiraga abanyeshuri bazaga muri Noheli n’ubunani. Abenshi bazaga na Bus za ONATRACOM zari za Nissan twitaga Rwanda z’imyanya 54 y’abicaye ariko hagendagamo abarenga 120 kuko aho bitaga muri bagage ( abanyeshuri bitaga salon) hatabaga intebe hicucikagamo abandi nka 30. Abandi nka 50 bakagenda bahagaze hejuru y’abicaye nta buhumekero. Iyo rero umunyamashuri yageraga aho aviramo yahasangaga abantu bamuzi. Kuko n’ubwo habaga ari nko ku birometero 10 uvuye iwabo, abanyamashuri babaga ari bake ku buryo babaga babazi. Umuntu wa mbere umubonye yashoboraga guhita amwakira imizigo akamutwaza, kuko babaga batwaye ibintu byinshi. Akagenda amubwira amakuru y’iwabo ku buryo yahageraga azi uwabyaye, azi uwapfuye, azi n’ibindi byinshi byabaye mu mezi atatu ashize.
Iwabo mu rugo rero yarahageraga akaza ari umujyambere, baramuhishiye ndetse habaga n’ubwo ahuriranye n’uko bahishije urwagwa ! Yabaga atacyicara inyuma y’iziko yota, asigaye yambara inkweto (ibirato) kandi afite n’umusatsi yitaho yaba umuhungu yaba umukobwa.
Umunsi w’icyumweru iyo wageraga bose bajyaga mu misa mu gatolika yemwe n’abaporoso kuko ku kiliziya ari ho bose bahuriraga. Bumvaga misa nkuru, iya gatatu, ubundi basohoka bagahagarara mu matsinda aho twakwita kuri Bose babireba uyu munsi ! Babaga baganira ibya he n’ibya hehe ariko ibiganiro bikaboneka, kuko abenshi babaga baramenyaniye muri bus bataha, kuko inzira yo gutaha yabaga ari imwe, ni bus ya leta. Bus yabaga yavaga i Gisenyi imanukanye ab’i Rambura, Muramba, Nyundo, Gacuba, Murunda, Kibuye, Mugonero,… ikazakomeza ikagera i Cyangugu. Ubwo kandi habaga ubwo inafata aba Kibogora na Nyamasheke batinze gutaha kubera kubura imodoka kuko habanje gutaha abajya kure. Iya vuye gisenyi rero akenshi yabaga yaraye nzira, dore ko kugira ngo Bus ive i Gisenyi igere i Cyangugu idapfuye ngo irare mu nzira byari kuba bidasanzwe. Izo ngendo rero no kuba mu bigo bituranye byatumaga umunyamashuri amenya igihugu cyose, akagira abamenyi benshi bavagamo n’inshuti zirambye.
Umunyamashuri yabaga ari umuntu wubashywe mu cyaro, yashoboraga kunyura ku kabari atambuka abantu bakamuhamagara bakamusengerera, ariko ibyo byagaragarga nabi iyo yicaraga mu kabari agatindamo. Yabaga akeye, imirimo imwe n’imwe akayiharira barumuna be, nko kuvoma, kuragira. Ariko iwacu nabonaga abanyamashuri bajyana n’ababyeyi babo mu murima guhinga. Ikindi na none, abanyamashuri bajyaga ku mashuri abanza bizeho kuramutsa abarimu. Abarimu bakabazengurutsa mu mashuri babereka abakiri bato basa n’ababatera ishyaka ngo na bo bazajye mu yisumbuye. Abo barimu habaga n’ubwo bateye inkunga abanyamashuri badafite uko bameze, bakabakusanyiriza agafashanyo cyangwa umwarimu agahitamo kurihira umwana wagiye mu mashuri.
Uretse ibyateye, nzi abarimu benshi b’abahutu bishyuriraga abana b’abatutsi, nzi n’abatutsi bishyuriraga ishuri abana b’abahutu bigishije. Nari mfite umubyeyi wa batisimu wishyuriye abana benshi b’abahutu amashuri, hari n’uwo nzi yashyingiye yaramwishyuriye n’ishuri. Kandi uwo mwarimu yari umututsi yaje kwicwa muri 1994. Aha ni ho mpora nibaza nti nk’umuhutu wishyuriraga umwana muri 1980, twakwemeza ko yabaga afite gahunda yo kuzamwica mu myaka icumi ikurikiraho mu by’ukuri ?
Abanyamashuri mu biruhuko binini rero ho bariyambazwaga cyane, kuko bakenerwaga mu makwe ngo bafungure byeri zitaza kubira, bakoraga na service, cyane cyane abakobwa, babaga ari imitako ikenerwa rwose ku buryo kubagira mu bukwe bwawe byabaga ari agashema. Ikindi kandi abanyamashuri bagendanaga hagati yabo. Nta mukobwa w’umunyamashuri wirukankaga mu bacuruzi akura ibyinyo nk’uko bivugwa ubu. Bahuraga n’abanyamashuri nkabo bakaganirira ku muhanda bakanahatinda yewe bagatandukana bagataha. Mu Biruhuko byo mu cyi abanyamashuri bagiraga inama kuri paroisse ku cyumweru nyuma ya misa nkuru. Izo nama baziteguriragamo ibirori n’ikinamico ryo kuzereka ababyeyi, ubundi ariko buri nama ikarangizwa no guceza indirimbo za kizungu n’iza kinyarwanda kuri radio cassette bitaga icyuma cy’umuziki. Abaturage b’insoresore bakundaga kuza kurunguruka aho abanyeshuri baceza ingwatiramubiri. Bikaba ari amajyambere abanyamashuri babaga bavanye muri ibyo bice by’igihugu babaga barizemo.
Umunyamashuri yabaga rwose ari umuntu wubahwa, wiyubaha, kandi byabaga bifite impamvu kuko uwarangizaga yabonaga akazi nibura k’ubwarimu. Uwo wakabonye agasirimura iwabo akabubakira inzu y’itegura cyangwa y’amabati, iteguye(irimo isima) akabagurira n’intebe zinepa z’amafoteye bakajya bavimviramo.
Kugira umunyamashuri rero n’ubwo byakeneshaga umubyeyi, yabaga ameze nk’ufite igitoki ku rusenge ategereje kuzahisha akagwa na we nk’abandi. Umubyeyi ufite umunyamashuri wabonaga na Konseye asigaye amwubaha, uwabyaye umuseminari we rwose yabaga azwi kuri paroisse ndetse n’abakuru b’inama bamuzi.
Hari byinshi umuntu yavuga ariko abo tuzi bimwe muzanyunganire, kera habayeho.
Jean Claude NKUBITO
17 Mutarama 2022
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