Ariane Mukundente
Ishimwe ry’uwa Gatanu rigarukanye Dogiteri Alison Des Forges umwe mu mpirimbanyi zikomeye kurusha izindi zose z’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu zabayeho mu gihe cye, nk’uko Umuryango w’Uburenganzira bwa kiremwa muntu ku isi Human Rights Watch (HRW) ubyemeza. Nanjye rero nejejwe bitavugwa no kubagezaho amakuru y’uyu mugore w’imbonekarimwe kandi ufite aho ahuriye byihariye n’amateka y’u Rwanda rwacu.
Bijya gutangira hari mu mwaka wa 1960 igihe yabaga umukorerabushake witangiye kwigisha icyongereza impunzi z’abanyarwanda bari mu nkambi muri Tanzaniya. Kuva icyo gihe,urukundo rw’igihugu akunda abanyarwanda rwakomeje kumugurumanamo.
Dogiteri Alison Des Forges ni muntu ki?
Dogiteri Alison Des Forges yavutse tariki 20 kanama 1942 ahitwa Schenectady muri Leta ya New York. Yize Amateka y’Uburayi muri kaminuza yitwa Radcliffe College,akomereza icyiciro cya gatatu cya Kaminuza muri Université de Yale imwe mu zikomeye cyane kurusha izindi zose ku isi, aho yakuye impamyabumenyi y’ikirenga mu masomo arebana n’umugabane wa Afurika.Yakomereje amasomo yo ku rwego rw’ubushakashatsi (doctorat) muri iyo Kaminuza,ubushakashatsi mu Mateka ya Afurika yarangije mu mwaka wa 1972. Ubushakashatsi bwe bw’icyiciro cya dogitora mu Mateka ya Afurika bwavugaga ku bwami bwa Yuhi Musinga. Ni yo mpamvu igitabo cy’ubwo bushakashatsi (thèse) bwari bufite insanganyamatsiko igira iti: Defeat Is the Only Bad News: Rwanda under Musinga, 1896–1931.(Tugenekereje mu kinyarwanda ni U Rwanda Ku Ngoma ya Musinga, 1896–1931: Gutsindwa niyo Nkuru Mbi Yonyine Ibaho Iwacu).
Nyuma yo kuminuza amashuri ye, Alison yamaze imyaka makumyabiri ari umukorerabushake mu burezi,aho yateje imbere amashuri ya Leta muri Buffalo. Mu gihe cy’imyaka myinshi, yabaye umwarimu wa Kaminuza ya Buffalo,amuba mu yitwa SUNY College ya Geneseo, amuba SUNY Oswego, muri Kaminuza ya Kaliforiniya, amuba Berkeley ndetse amuba no muri Kaminuza ya Pékin. Mu ntangiriro y’imyaka ya za 1990, Dogiteri Alison Des Forges yimukiye mu Rwanda aho yari impirimbanyi kaminuza akaba n’umujyanama wa mbere mu gisata cya Afurika mu Muryango uharanira uburenganzira bwa kiremwa muntu ku isi,Human Rights Watch.
Mu mwaka wa 1992, Alison yabaye umwe mu bayoboye komisiyo mpuzamahanga ishinzwe gukusanya amakuru ku byaha byahungabanyaga uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu mu Rwanda rw’icyo gihe, komisiyo yasohoye raporo yayo yavuzemo amakuru ku bimenyetso bya mbere byagaragazaga ko hashobora kubaho jenoside.
Igihe jenoside nyirizina yatangiraga mu mwaka wa 1994, Alison yakoze uko ashoboye kose ngo arokore abantu kandi ahamagarira abategetsi b’isi yose kuza guhagarika ubwicanyi. Iyo mihati idacogora ye mu kuvuza iya bahanda ahamagarira umuryango mpuzamahanga kugira icyo ukora ku mahano yabaga,niyo yatumye mu mwaka wa 1999 ahabwa igihembo cyitwa MacArthur.
Nyuma y’aho,Dogiteri Alison Des Forges yabaye umutangabuhamya w’umushakashatsi (témoin expert) mu manza zabereye muri Kanada, mu Bubiligi no mu Busuwisi. Yatanze ubuhamya bwinshi kandi burambuye mu manza cumi na rumwe z’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (TPIR),urukiko rw’umuryango w’Abibumbye, imanza zabereye Arusha, muri Tanzaniya.
Nanone kandi yatanze ibimenyetso byinshi ku byaha bya jenoside yo mu Rwanda, ibimenyetso yagiye atangira mu makoraniro yihariye nko mu Nteko ishinga amategeko y’Ubufaransa,muri Sena y’Ububiligi,mu Nteko ishinga amategeko y’Ubwongereza,mu Nteko ishinga amategeko ya Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika,mu Nteko y’Umuryango wa Afurika yunze ubumwe,ndetse no mu Muryango w’Abibumbye.
Iyo uri impirimbanyi y’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu,uhora uriyo iteka koko, Alison yaje gutahura ko na Leta iriho ubu mu Rwanda yakoze ibyaha byinshi by’intambara n’ibyaha byibasiye inyoko muntu haba mu Rwanda no muri Kongo,nuko nabyo ntiyabiceceka.
Kubera iyo mpamvu,ahagana mu minsi ye ya nyuma y’ubuzima bwe, Dogiteri Alison Des Forges yaje gucibwa mu Rwanda agirwa umuntu utagomba gukandagiza ikirenge cye mu Rwanda (personna non grata), u Rwanda yakundaga cyane kandi yatangiye ubuzima bwe bwose arengera abanyarwanda bose atavanguye,yewe ndetse n’abo bihaye kurumwirukanamo. Erega bagomba kumenya ko yari impirimbanyi y’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu,ko atari impirimbanyi y’uburenganzira bwa za Leta zose zabaye mu Rwanda. Impirimbanyi nyayo y’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu nka Dogiteri Alison Des Forges ntiyashoboraga guhemukira ibyo azi neza kandi yemera ngo areke kurengera abanyarwanda bahohoterwaga na Leta nshya yari igiyeho.
Akazi ke kabaga iteka muri za gereza,ku rugamba no mu nkambi z’impunzi. Mbese muri make,aho uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu bwashoboraga guhungabanywa hose.
Dogiteri Alison Des Forges yapfuye tariki ya 12 gashyantare 2009 azize impanuka y’indege yabereye hafi ya Buffalo mu majyaruguru ya Leta ya New York,asiga ikiremwamuntu ku isi hose mu cyunamo.
Nimumfashe duhe ishimwe uyu mugore w’urubavu ruto ariko wari igitangaza kitagira ingano. Ni abantu bake cyane bafite impamyabumenyi ya dogitora biyemeza kujya mu byo kurengera uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu babigiranye izi mbaraga zose.
Dogiteri Alison Des Forges ni intiti yashyize ubwenge bwe n’ubumenyi bwe mu bifitiye rubanda igooka akamaro.
Mu nyandiko yari ifite umutwe ugira uti ‘’Alison Des Forges and Rwanda: From Engaged Scholarship to Informed Activism’’,(tugenekereje mu kinyarwanda Alison Des Forges n’u Rwanda: Intiti mu bya Kaminuza yavuyemo impirimbanyi ikomeye) yanditswe na David Newbury afatanyije na Filip Reyntjens, basobanuye birambuye ukuntu ubuzima bwose bwa Dr Alison bwari bufite intego ebyiri washyira mu nteruro ngufi ebyiri ari zo : ubushakashatsi bushingiye ku bumenyi bwa siyansi hamwe no guteza imbere uburenganzira n’uburinganire mu mibereho ya muntu.
HRW yahaye agaciro akazi yakoze,itangiza « Igihembo gihabwa impirimbanyi idasanzwe » izajya itoranywa mu zindi mpirimbanyi mu isi yose.
Tuzahora twibuka iteka Dr Alison Des Forges, umugore warangwaga n’impuhwe, wakundaga ubutabera,kandi wahirimbaniraga nta gucogora ko uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu bwubahirizwa haba mu Rwanda ndetse no mu isi yose. Ibikorwa bye byatumuye izina rye ryandikwa mu Mateka y’ikiremwamuntu,kuko yari umuntu wakoze ibidasanzwe,arokora ubuzima bw’abantu benshi.
Dr Alison Des Forges, niyubahwe!
Inyandiko ya madame Ariane Mukundente mu gifaransa yashyizwe mu kinyarwanda na AFRIQUELA1ERE.COM/RW
I do not even know how I ended up here, but I thought this post was good.
I don’t know who you are but certainly you’re going to a famous
blogger if you aren’t already 😉 Cheers!
If you want to obtain a great deal from this post then you have to apply such techniques to your
won website.
Great post.
I am really loving the theme/design of your website.
Do you ever run into any internet browser compatibility issues?
A number of my blog audience have complained about my blog not operating correctly in Explorer but looks great in Chrome.
Do you have any tips to help fix this issue?
Hi, this weekend is fastidious in favor of me, as this occasion i am reading this impressive educational
paragraph here at my home.
Article writing is also a excitement, if you be familiar with afterward you can write otherwise
it is complicated to write.
Se 20% dos sites tivessem um conteúdo tipo o que foi
criado aqui , teríamos uma internet, muito mais útil, muito mais incrível para todo mundo.
Hi, its pleasant piece of writing about media print, we all be
familiar with media is a enormous source of data.
These are genuinely great ideas in on the topic of blogging.
You have touched some pleasant things here. Any way keep up wrinting.
Heya i’m for the primary time here. I found this board and I find
It really useful & it helped me out much. I am hoping to provide something again and aid
others such as you helped me.
I do accept as true with all of the concepts you’ve introduced to your post.
They are very convincing and will certainly work. Nonetheless, the posts are too short for
starters. Could you please extend them a bit from subsequent time?
Thank you for the post.
Для запуска аппаратов на реальные деньги, необходимо
пройти регистрационные действия и внести депозит.
Good web site you have here.. It’s hard to find excellent writing
like yours nowadays. I seriously appreciate individuals like you!
Take care!!
Все слоты, лотереи и настольные игры сортированы по категориям и производителям для максимального удобства при поиске.
Также ему подвластно принимать решения о выводе денег, пополнении счета, получении и активации бонусов, участия в
лотереях, турнирах и акциях.
메이트릭스라는 우리의 삶이 노예같은 삶이라는걸 왜 아무도 모를까요?
토토사이트 같은 업체를 통해 돈 벌수 있습니다 따라오세요
Выполняя задания в слотах по ставкам от 20 центов, вы
боретесь с другими участниками за призы от 400 до
1000 долларов.
Hi there! This is kind of off topic but I need some advice from an established blog.
Is it very difficult to set up your own blog?
I’m not very techincal but I can figure things out pretty quick.
I’m thinking about setting up my own but I’m not sure where to begin. Do you have any tips or suggestions?
Thank you
Thank you for some other wonderful post. Where else may just
anyone get that type of info in such an ideal way of writing?
I have a presentation next week, and I am on the search for such information.
Hi! I know this is kinda off topic however I’d figured I’d ask.
Would you be interested in exchanging links or maybe guest writing
a blog article or vice-versa? My website covers a lot of the same topics as yours and
I feel we could greatly benefit from each other. If you
are interested feel free to send me an email. I look forward
to hearing from you! Fantastic blog by the way!
Зависаю тут уже несколько недель,
вывожу деньги через сутки максимум,
все четко.
I really wish for the best of you all. I want to share my secrets on how to become a weathly
person
Документов пока не просили, но судя по тому, что
я последние два месяца только сливаю, не попросят никогда.
Создателям нужны игроки, а игрокам возможность
проявить свои способности и получить кроме приятного
времяпровождения хороший куш.
Обновление статусов происходит ежедневно в зависимости от
общей суммы депозитов за последние 30 дней.
Время вывода средств при условии предварительной верификации занимает от 2 до 8 часов в зависимости
от выбранной платежной системы.
I really would like to introduce my experience about
making big lotta cash
Hi are using WordPress for your blog platform? I’m new to
the blog world but I’m trying to get started and set up
my own. Do you need any coding knowledge to make your own blog?
Any help would be really appreciated!
Hello, I think your site might be having browser
compatibility issues. When I look at your blog site in Chrome, it
looks fine but when opening in Internet Explorer, it has some overlapping.
I just wanted to give you a quick heads up!
Other then that, awesome blog!
If you would like to watch free soccer come check this out
Interesting blog! Is your theme custom made or did you download it from somewhere?
A design like yours with a few simple adjustements would really
make my blog shine. Please let me know where you got your theme.
Many thanks
Hi there would you mind stating which blog platform you’re using?
I’m planning to start my own blog soon but I’m having a hard time deciding between BlogEngine/Wordpress/B2evolution and Drupal.
The reason I ask is because your design seems different then most blogs and I’m
looking for something completely unique.
P.S Apologies for getting off-topic but I had to ask!
Hi to every body, it’s my first visit of this web
site; this blog consists of remarkable and really excellent
stuff for readers.
These are really great ideas in concerning blogging.
You have touched some pleasant points here. Any way keep up wrinting.
For the reason that the admin of this web site is working, no uncertainty
very soon it will be well-known, due to its feature contents.
Terrific article! This is the type of info that are meant to be
shared across the web. Disgrace on Google for now not positioning
this put up upper! Come on over and visit my web site .
Thanks =)
Comprehensive coverage is offered for soccer, tennis, basketball, annd
eSports.
Also visit my blog: 카지노사이트 추천
Hi there to every , because I am truly eager of reading this weblog’s post to be updated on a regular basis.
It carries good information.
What’s up, yeah this post is genuinely nice and I have learned lot of things from it concerning blogging.
thanks.
Simply desire to say your article is as astonishing.
The clarity in your post is simply spectacular and i could assume you are an expert on this subject.
Well with your permission allow me to grab your feed to keep up to date
with forthcoming post. Thanks a million and please
carry on the enjoyable work.
Hello, Neat post. There is an issue with your website in web explorer, may check this?
IE still is the marketplace leader and a good component to folks will pass over your magnificent writing because of
this problem.
Hi there, You’ve done a fantastic job. I will definitely digg it and
personally recommend to my friends. I am confident they will be benefited from this
site.
Asking questions are in fact good thing if you are not understanding something
fully, however this post presents fastidious understanding yet.
Great blog you’ve got here.. It’s difficult to find high-quality writing like yours these days. I seriously appreciate people like you! Take care!!
I am really pleased to read this website posts which consists of tons of helpful facts, thanks for
providing these kinds of information.
I have read so many content regarding the blogger lovers however this post is genuinely a nice
article, keep it up.
Hello there! I simply would like to give you a big thumbs up for the excellent info you have got right here on this post. I will be returning to your blog for more soon.
Good post. I learn something totally new and challenging on blogs I stumbleupon on a daily basis. It’s always interesting to read articles from other authors and practice a little something from other web sites.
I’m impressed, I have to admit. Rarely do I encounter a blog
that’s equally educative and amusing, and let me tell you, you have hit the nail on the head.
The issue is something not enough people
are speaking intelligently about. Now i’m very happy that I came
across this in my hunt for something concerning this.
Other players can bet on the player or banker to win as typical.
Also visit my blog post; Korean Online Baccarat
A mega LEGO set will keep me occupied for hours.
Explore The Highest Rated Lego Building Kits
When life gives you bricks, build an ideas ship! Who knows where the imagination will take you?
Lego offers a daily dose creativity and imagination. I cannot wait to get started building in my
Lego dungeon.
The Classic Lego sets are a great starting point for beginners, providing endless possibilities for building and
creating. popular lego brick sets This guide has helped me discover the world
of Legos in ways that I would never have imagined. Who knew that brick building could be a rewarding and immersive
experience? Lego City allows children to create their very
own urban adventures. It includes vehicles, buildings and minifigures.
My friend bought me a flower LEGO kit, but she mistook it
as architectural inspiration. Brick bouquet anyone?
Finest lego Sets
Lego and books go together like a dream! The combination of storytelling and building
creates a new level fun. The Lego set designers deserve
standing ovations. They are truly amazing for their ability to bring Mickey Mouse and other iconic characters to life using
bricks.
Every weekend i used to visit this website, as
i want enjoyment, as this this website conations genuinely good funny stuff too.
Hi there i am kavin, its my first occasion to commenting
anyplace, when i read this article i thought i could also make comment due to this brilliant
post.
Use the ‘Report’ hyperlink on
Swedish massage can assist relieve pain, stress, and muscle problems.
Our buyer’s guide and FAQ section have every little thing you have to have to make an informed choice.
If you don’t intend to take advantage of autopay (though you really should!), your price will
be greater.
When you play online slots and crave a taste of
nostalgia, classic slots are the go-to alternative.
The payout percentage is basically yet another word for RTP – Return to Player Percentage.
jazz coffee
I am really thankful to the holder of this site who has shared this enormous article at at this time.
ordenar medicamentos en Argentina Zydus Manzanillo acquistare farmaci in Belgio
Puedes adquirir medicamentos en línea Labesfal Olten acquista farmaci online a Catania senza bisogno di consulto medico
Challenge yourself and achieve greatness—join now! Lucky Cola
сонник толкования сне плакала сильно что если мальчик снится второй раз слон по
соннику цветкова
сон женские сапоги, что означает видеть во сне новые сапоги
к чему сниться что утонула дочь
ошибка вызова функции скрипта установки,
внутренняя ошибка службы установки 3utools как узнать свои способности тест,
тест на способности к магии описание игральных карт в гадании
какой хранитель у знака зодиака я королева во сне к чему снится
герой меча и магии 3 коды на деньги что означают
цифры 4958 на лимоне имя для дракона мальчика
гадание кто этот незнакомец типы галактик и их особенности
марс и венера на одной линии сильнейшие молитвы о выздоровлении детей заговор на победу в кулачном бою
к чему снятся гиены мужчине гороскоп 2010 год кого животного будет
Von Ärzten empfohlene Medikamente 1A Pharma Gualeguaychú acheter des comprimés
de médicaments en ligne
когда хоуп вернется к родителям евро бумажные деньги снится полиция
и убийство
родившиеся 15 мая кто по знаку зодиака,
15 мая знак зодиака стихия к чему снится темный парень
Medikamente in Europa kaufen CristerS Aci Bonaccorsi médicaments à
vendre en ligne sans ordonnance en Belgique
що означає коли сниться блискавка київський розспів молитва
порча на сім’ю симптоми до чого сниться локомотив на рейках
сонник сам себе вырвал гнилой зуб что будет
если во сне ходить по воде, сон ходить по воде и не тонуть
при снятии сглаза симптомы
снится мертвая ворона во сне молитвы в защиту от сглаза и порчи
он овен она рак отзывы к чему снится что парень упал к чему снятся собирать красную землянику
к чему снится как рождаются котята открытка снег идет,
снег идет картинки живые
достар мед прайс, достар мед узи цена атырау срочно
требуется учитель русского языка, учитель русского языка
и литературы, вакансии игры для развития
мозга детей онлайн, как развить нейронные связи у ребенка мемлекеттік кірістер комитетінің төрағасы, мемлекеттік кірістер департаменті
acheter des médicaments génériques de confiance en ligne Pfizer Gorinchem Obtenez des informations
sur la posologie de la médicaments en ligne
médicaments prix Suisse edigen Vaprio d’Adda médicaments Belgique sans problème
үйсіндер туралы ат жақты аққұбаша сары шашты деп жазған, үйсіндер астанасы ретінде аталатын қала менің арманымдағы
бас қала эссе, астана әсем
қала эссе газгольдер, газгольдер алматы что с
интернетом в алматы, что с интернетом в астане сегодня
ninety one – o_o текст перевод, ninety one o_o автомобиль затраты асан қайғы
толғауларының мәні, асан қайғының аңыздағы образы таза өндіріс дегеніміз
не, экологиялық таза өнім шығаратын кәсіпорындар
сонник толкование снов когда
меня бьют 12 августа 1976 год день
недели к чему снятся лошади и покойник
молитвы от проблем на работе и неприятностей сильные сонник к чему сниться пьянка
Consegna rapida di farmaci senza ricetta Sanofi Florida Este Medikamente
ohne Rezept in der Schweiz erhältlich