Inyandiko dukesha prof Hakizimana Maurice
Mu ishuri, batwigishije ikarita y’isi n’umubumbe wayo,ariko mbega ngo baraduha amakarita bagoretse!! Ku ikarita, ubona ko umugabane w’u Burayi ari mugari cyane, ariko umugabane wa Afurika (yewe ndetse n’uwa Amerika y’Amajyepfo) ukaba kanzinya. Afurika igaragara nk’aho ari nto ugereranyije n’ingano yayo nyakuri. Reka mpere ku kwemeza iki kintu kimwe: ikarita y’isi uko muyizi yose yaragoretswe.
None se wasobanura gute ukuntu nka Groenland, (urugero rumwe mfashe) ifite ubuso bwa 2 175 600 km2, ku ikarita y’isi igaragara iruta cyane Afurika (ifite ubuso bwa 30 415 873 km2)? Mu by’ukuri, ubuso bw’umugabane wa Afurika bukubye incuro cumi n’enye ubuso bwa Groenland.
Ni ngombwa gusubiramo ikarita y’isi no kuyiga bundi bushya. Reka noneho hano nibande ku ngano nyakuri y’umugabane wa Afurika.
Wari uzi ko ubuso bwa Afurika buruta ubuso bwa Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika,uteranyijeho ubw’umugabane wose w’Uburayi n’ubw’Ubushinwa?
Ibipimo by’ikarita bya Mercator ugereranyije n’ibipimo by’ikarita bya Peters
Muri iyi siyansi ni ngombwa kubanza kwibuka ikintu kimwe : amakarita twigishirijweho ashingiye ku bipimo byitiriwe Mercator (bwana Gérard Mercator). Ibipimo by’ikarita bya Mercator ni uburyo bwa gihanga bwo gushushanya ingano z’ikarita y’Isi « yiburungushuye »,ihengamiye ku murongo wa ekwateri y’isi nk’uko byashushanyijwe n’umuhanga mu bumenyi bw’isi (géographe) witwa Gerardus Mercator, hari mu mwaka 1569.
Bwana Gérard Mercator 1574.
Ikarita Mercator yashushanyije mu kinyejana cya 16 itubura nkana ingano y’ibihugu by’iburayi kugira ngo igaragaze imbaraga zabyo mu isi yo muri icyo gihe.
Ikarita y’isi ya Mercator.
Mu kinyejana cya 10,undi mugabo w’umuhanga mu bumenyi bw’isi (géographe) yaradutse maze nawe ashyiraho ake ndetse asohora ibipimo bye byamwitiriwe: ibipimo bya Peters. Ibipimo by’ingano y’ibihugu bya Peters ni uburyo bwa gihanga bwo gushushanya ingano z’ikarita bunyuranye n’ubwakoreshejwe na Mercator, bufasha mu kwerekana ubuso bwa nyakuri bw’imigabane y’isi.Kuri ibi bipimo bishya, amahindurangano yarubahirijwe kandi ubuso bwa buri mugabane bushushanywa uko bungana,nk’uko byemezwa n’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.
Afurika yagombye kugaragara ite ku ikarita,mu by’ukuri ?
Dore uko Afurika yagombye kuba igaragara ku ikarita mu by’ukuri
Dukurikije ibipimo bya Peters, tubona uko nibura ikarita ya Afurika yagombye kuba igaragara ku ikarita y’isi.Umubume wa Afurika ni munini cyane kuruta uko uwiyumvisha urebye gusa ku ikarita y’isi yashushanyijwe ikamanikwa mu mashuri cyangwa ishushanywa mu binyamakuru bikomeye by’isi.
Dore imibare idashidikanywaho : Afurika ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare miliyoni 30 mu gihe Ubushinwa na Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika buri kimwe gifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare miliyoni 10 gusa. Uteruye Ubushinwa na Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika ukabitereka muri Afurika byateberamo, kandi wasigarana kilometero kare miliyoni 10 zo guterekamo Ubuhinde(bufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare miliyoni 3)ugatebezamo n’ibihugu by’iburayi (uvanyemo gusa Uburusiya).
Witegereje ayo makarita yombi (ikurikiza ibipimo bya Peters mu ibara ry’ikigina n’ikurikiza ibipimo bya Mercator mu ibara ry’icyatsi) ubona ko ingano y’umugabane wa Afurika yapfobejwe ku bwende (ndetse n’iya Amerika y’Amajyepfo) ku ikarita y’isi dusanzwe tuzi twese.
- Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika: miliyoni 9,834 km²
- Ubushinwa: miliyoni 9,60km2
- Uburayi: miliyoni 10,53 km²
- Ubuhinde: miliyoni 3 287 263 km2
- Afurika: 30 415 873 km2
Abanyaburayi, Abashinwa, Abarusiya, n’Abanyamerika bishyira hejuru cyane mu isi bashyigikiye ihindurwa ry’ingano nyakuri y’umugabane wa Afurika ku ikarita y’isi yigishwa mu mashuri bigenderewe mu rwego rwo koza ubwonko bw’abanyeshuri no kubacengezamo imyumvire y’uko Afurika ari ubusa, ko nta cyo ivuze ko ari iyo guhora ikeneye ibindi bihugu bya rutura kandi by’ibuhangange mu isi.
Abakiri bato ubu batangiye kujijuka nyuma y’ibinyejana byinshi, nibo bagomba guhindura imyumvire kuri iyi ngingo. Ibitabo byigirwamo nabyo byagombye guhindurwa, Afurika ikareka kumiraza bunguri porogaramu zapanzwe n’abo muri ibyo bihugu byo ku migabane mito ariko yiyumva nk’iya rutura isuzugura umugabane wa Afurika.
Ese ni ngombwa ko bisubirwamo?
Kuri jye ni ngombwa cyane kuko umwana w’umunyafurika ukura areba ka Afurika ari kanzinya ku ikarita y’isi,kandi ntasobanurirwe nibura ko ibyo abona ku ikarita bigoramye,azakurana ya mitekerereze yo kumva ko Afurika ari nto, kandi nta mwanya ifite ugaragara mu isi, bityo ko itanagomba kwitabwaho cyane.
Ese gusoma iyi ngingo hari icyo bikunguye? Mbwira mu mwanya wagenewe ibitekerezo.
NB:Ni inyandiko yatambutse bwa mbere ku rubuga prof-maurice.com/rw
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