CE JOUR-LA… 15 novembre, comme aujourd’hui………..
Ce jour-là, le Roi Léopold II passe officiellement le flambeau de sa propriété privée (l’EIC) au gouvernement Belge. Ce qui était alors l’Etat Indépendant du Congo (depuis le 30 avril 1885 jusqu’au 14 novembre 1908) devenait alors un protectorat belge sous le nom de “Congo Belge” (du 15 novembre 1908 au 29 juin 1960).
L’implication progressive de l’Etat belge au Congo, puis l’annexion de l’EIC, résultait essentiellement des difficultés financières rencontrées par Léopold II dans la gestion de cet immense territoire et des brutalités commises sur les populations autochtones : régime de travail impitoyable, notamment pour produire du caoutchouc et de l’ivoire, mais aussi exactions destinées à briser toute velléité de résistance ou même tout signe de “passivité” devant l’effort productif inhumain qui leur était imposé par les sociétés commerciales opérant avec une concession et par l’administration léopoldienne.
Progressivement, la pression de l’opinion publique et les manœuvres diplomatiques conduisirent donc à la fin de la souveraineté de Léopold II et à l’annexion du Congo par la Belgique en tant que colonie.
Les débats sur le fond du dossier avaient débuté le 14 décembre 1906 à la Chambre. Près d’un an plus tard intervenait, le 28 novembre 1907, le traité de cession du Congo entre le roi et la Belgique.
Son premier article stipulait : “Sa Majesté le Roi Souverain déclare céder à la Belgique la souveraineté des territoires composant l’EIC avec tous les droits et obligations qui y sont attachés”. Contrairement à l’EIC, qui n’avait jamais été géré par une Constitution, la Belgique dota sa nouvelle colonie d’une Loi fondamentale, la “Loi sur le gouvernement du Congo belge” votée le 18 octobre 1908. Cette loi, souvent qualifiée de “Charte coloniale”, privait toutefois tant les colons blancs que la population noire de tout droit politique.
Elle restera en vigueur, moyennant quelques modifications, jusqu’à l’octroi de l’indépendance au Congo, le 30 juin 1960, après 52 ans de colonisation.
source : www.babunga.alobi.cd
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