Rémy Rugira
Le Rwanda a signé un accord controversé avec Londres pour accueillir sur son sol des migrants et demandeurs d’asile de diverses nationalités acheminés du Royaume-Uni, a annoncé jeudi Kigali à l’occasion d’une visite de la ministre anglaise de l’Intérieur, Priti Patel. Le Haut Commissariat de l’ONU pour les réfugiés (HCR) a fait part de “sa forte opposition” au projet britannique.
Le Royaume-Uni a annoncé, jeudi 14 avril, un projet controversé d’envoyer au Rwanda les demandeurs d’asiles arrivés illégalement sur son territoire et confié la surveillance de la Manche à la Royal Navy, espérant dissuader les traversées de clandestins qui ne cessent d’augmenter.
Alors que le Premier ministre Boris Johnson avait promis de contrôler l’immigration, un des sujets clés de la campagne du Brexit, le nombre de traversées illégales, très dangereuses, a triplé en 2021 et continue d’augmenter. Londres reproche régulièrement à Paris de ne pas en faire assez pour les empêcher.
“À partir d’aujourd’hui (…), toute personne entrant illégalement au Royaume-Uni ainsi que ceux qui sont arrivés illégalement depuis le 1er janvier pourront désormais être relocalisés au Rwanda”, a annoncé le dirigeant conservateur lors d’un discours dans un aéroport du Kent (sud-est de l’Angleterre).
Le Rwanda pourra accueillir “des dizaines de milliers de personnes dans les années à venir”, a-t-il ajouté, affirmant que ce pays d’Afrique de l’Est est “l’un des pays les plus sûrs au monde, mondialement reconnu pour son bilan d’accueil et d’intégration des migrants”.
Ce projet, susceptible donc de s’appliquer à tous les clandestins d’où qu’ils viennent (Iran, Syrie, Érythrée…), a suscité des réactions scandalisées des organisations de défense des droits humains, qui dénoncent son “inhumanité”. L’opposition a jugé que le Premier ministre tentait de détourner l’attention après avoir reçu une amende pour une fête d’anniversaire en plein confinement.
Un accord à 144 millions d’euros
Désireux de regagner en popularité avant des élections locales en mai, Boris Johnson et son gouvernement cherchent depuis des mois à conclure des accords avec des pays tiers où envoyer les migrants en attendant de traiter leur dossier.
Une telle mesure est déjà appliquée par l’Australie avec des îles éloignées du Pacifique, une politique très critiquée. Par ailleurs, le Danemark avait également envisagé d’envoyer ses demandeurs d’asile vers des pays africains.
En vertu de l’accord annoncé jeudi, Londres financera dans un premier temps le dispositif à hauteur de 120 millions de livres sterling (144 millions d’euros). Le gouvernement rwandais a précisé qu’il proposerait aux personnes accueillies la possibilité “de s’installer de manière permanente au Rwanda” si elles “le souhaitent”.
“Notre compassion est peut-être infinie mais notre capacité à aider des gens ne l’est pas”, a déclaré Boris Johnson. Le chef du gouvernement britannique a ajouté que “ceux qui essayent de couper la file d’attente ou abuser de notre système n’auront pas de voie automatique pour s’installer dans notre pays mais seront renvoyés de manière rapide, humaine, dans un pays tiers sûr ou leur pays d’origine”.
Les migrants arrivant au Royaume-Uni ne seront plus hébergés dans des hôtels mais dans des centres d’accueil à l’image de ceux existant en Grèce, avec un premier centre “ouvrant bientôt”, a annoncé Boris Johnson.
Migrants échangés “comme des marchandises”
Dans le cadre de ce plan, qui vient compléter une vaste loi sur l’immigration actuellement au Parlement et déjà critiqué par l’ONU, le gouvernement confie dès jeudi le contrôle des traversées illégales de la Manche à la Marine, équipée de matériel supplémentaire. Il a renoncé en revanche à son projet de repousser les embarcations entrant dans les eaux britanniques, mesure décriée côté français.
En envoyant des demandeurs d’asile à plus de 6 000 kilomètres du Royaume-Uni, le gouvernement veut décourager les candidats au départ vers le Royaume-Uni, toujours plus nombreux : 28 500 personnes ont effectué ces périlleuses traversées en 2021, contre 8 466 en 2020… et seulement 299 en 2018, selon des chiffres du ministère de l’Intérieur.
Amnesty International a critiqué une “idée scandaleusement mal conçue” qui “fera souffrir tout en gaspillant d’énormes sommes d’argent public”, soulignant aussi le “bilan lamentable en matière de droits humains” de la nation africaine.
Pour le directeur général de Refugee Action, Tim Naor Hilton, c’est une “manière lâche, barbare et inhumaine de traiter les personnes fuyant la persécution et la guerre”.
Le Haut Commissariat de l’ONU pour les réfugiés (HCR) a fait également part de “sa forte opposition” au projet britannique.
“Les personnes fuyant la guerre, les conflits et les persécutions méritent compassion et empathie. Elles ne devraient pas être échangées comme des marchandises et transférées à l’étranger pour voir leur dossiers traités”, a déclaré le HCR dans un communiqué.
Même dans les rangs conservateurs, les critiques ont fusé, le député Tobias Ellwood estimant sur la BBC qu’il s’agit d’une “énorme tentative de détourner l’attention” des déboires de Boris Johnson dans le “Partygate”, ces fêtes organisées dans les cercles du pouvoir pendant les confinements.
France 24 avec AFP
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