Rémy RUGIRA
Le président kényan Uhuru Kenyatta a accueilli aujourd’hui le conclave des chefs d’État de la CAE sur le dialogue intercongolais du processus de Nairobi sur la situation de la paix et de la sécurité dans l’est de la RD Congo.
La réunion de haut niveau des chefs d’État d’aujourd’hui, accueillie par le Président de la Communauté de l’Afrique de l’Est, est une accélération des efforts régionaux en cours pour parvenir à une paix et une sécurité durables dans l’est de la RD Congo.
Étaient présents à State House (La Présidence Kenyane) les homologues de la Communauté de l’Afrique de l’Est (CAE), Yoweri Museveni (Ouganda), Paul Kagame (Rwanda), Evariste Ndayishimiye (Burundi), Salva Kiir Mayardit (Soudan du Sud) et Felix Tshisekedi (RD Congo). La Présidente de la Tanzanie, Samia Suluhu Hassan, était représentée à la réunion par l’ambassadeur du pays au Kenya, le Haut Commissaire John Stephen Simbachawene.
La réunion intervient une semaine après que le gouvernement de la RDC a accusé le Rwanda de soutenir les rebelles du M23. La Mission des Nations Unies pour la stabilisation en République démocratique du Congo (RDC) a condamné dimanche de nouvelles attaques ciblées contre plusieurs de ses positions par des rebelles du Mouvement du 23 mars (M23).
Les attaques visant les Casques bleus de l’ONU « peuvent constituer un crime de guerre au regard du droit international », a tweeté le principal envoyé de l’ONU en RDC via le compte Twitter de la mission. La mission promet également de poursuivre tous les efforts possibles pour protéger les civils et aider à fournir l’aide nécessaire aux populations déplacées, selon les tweets.
Depuis fin mars, le M23 est à l’offensive dans la province du Nord-Kivu, avec des milliers de civils déplacés par les combats en cours.
La semaine dernière, le président kenyan Kenyatta a appelé au déploiement immédiat d’une nouvelle force militaire régionale sans le Rwanda dirigée par la CAE pour tenter de mettre fin à la violence rebelle dans l’est de la RDC.
Le groupe rebelle a annoncé début avril son retrait des villages qu’il avait pris plus tôt dans le territoire de Rutshuru.
Le groupe est composé d’anciens rebelles du Congrès national pour la défense du peuple (CNDP) et tire son nom de l’accord du 23 mars 2009 entre le CNDP et le gouvernement congolais.
Les dirigeants du M23 ont accusé le gouvernement de ne pas respecter l’accord.
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Les dirigeants d’Afrique de l’Est veulent déployer une force régionale pour tenter de ramener la paix dans l’Est du Congo. La société civile oeuvre aussi à apaiser les discours de haine.
Mission de l’EAC et cessez-le-feu
C’est dans ce contexte que se tenait ce lundi [20.06.22] à Nairobi un sommet des dirigeants des sept pays de la Communauté d’Afrique de l’Est, qui veulent tenter de trouver un moyen de ramener la paix dans l’Est de la RDC.
Le président kényan, Uhuru Kenyatta propose le déploiement d’une force régionale de l’EAC. Dans son communiqué, la présidence kenyane indique, suite à la rencontre de Nairobi : “Les chefs d’Etat ont indiqué que la force régionale devrait, en coopération avec l’armée et les forces administratives de RDC, chercher à stabiliser et assurer la paix en RDC (…) Les chefs d’Etat ont demandé qu’un cessez-le-feu immédiat soit appliqué et que la cessation des hostilités débute immédiatement”.
Félix Tshisekedi devait rencontrer son homologue rwandais à Nairobi. L’image d’une poignée de main pourrait être un premier symbole à même d’apaiser les esprits, mais un chercheur que nous avons contacté fait part, par euphémisme, de son “optimisme prudent”.
Une situation qui se dégrade
Le constat dressé avant le sommet de Nairobi par la présidence du Kenya est sombre: “Les habitants de l’est de la RDC “ont longtemps souffert et continuent de payer un prix très élevé en vies humaines et destructions de biens””, peut-on lire dans un communiqué. Jonathan, habitant de Goma, témoigne : “Les autorités doivent prendre des mesures pour reprendre le contrôle de la situation qui est inquiétante. Ça doit cesser !”
En fin de semaine dernière, les autorités congolaises parlent d’”invasion” rwandaise d’une partie de la RDC.
Dans un tweet, le mouvement citoyen Lucha la compare même à celle de l’Ukraine par la Russie :
Félix Tshisekedi a accusé ouvertement le Rwanda d’essayer “d’occuper [son] pays, riche en or, coltan et cobalt, pour son propre profit”. Le president congolais évoque une “guerre économique pour le contrôle des ressources, menée par des gangs terroristes du Rwanda”.
Chercher des solutions ensemble
Dans une interview à une télévision congolaise, le Prix Nobel de la paix Denis Mukwege a appelé ses concitoyens à ne protester que de manière pacifique.
A l’occasion de la première journée internationale contre les discours de haine, Bintou Keita, la cheffe de la Monusco, a fait part de ses préoccupations face à la montée des discours qui encouragent le racisme, la xénophobie et la violence en RDC. Bintou Keita a lancé sur les reseaux sociaux un “appel à renforcer la cohésion et le vivre ensemble”.
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