Rémy RUGIRA
L’organisation ouest-africaine avait remis à ce 3 juillet les décisions liées aux sanctions à lever ou à prendre pour le Mali, la Guinée et le Burkina Faso. Les trois pays ont redoublé d’efforts ces dernières semaines pour prouver leur bonne volonté.
Pour la Guinée, le Burkina Faso et le Mali, le sommet de la Cédéao qui s’ouvre ce dimanche à Accra est décisif. Les deux premiers cités sont en effet sous la menace d’éventuelles sanctions économiques, la transition de trois années qu’ils proposent avant le retour à l’ordre constitutionnel étant jugée bien trop longue par les chefs d’État de la sous-région.
Pour le Mali, c’est tout l’inverse. Bamako espère que les sanctions économiques et financières qui le frappent depuis le 9 janvier dernier seront enfin levées. Les déconvenues des précédents sommets appellent à la prudence, mais que ce soit chez les sources diplomatiques ouest-africaines ou du côté des dirigeants maliens, l’optimisme prévaut à la veille du sommet.
Un compromis envisageable
Il faut dire que les autorités maliennes de transition ont redoublé d’efforts pour faire la preuve de leur engagement à ne pas s’éterniser au pouvoir. En début de semaine, elles ont notamment annoncé le calendrier des futures élections communales, régionales (juin 2023), législatives (octobre 2023) et surtout présidentielle (février 2024) qui marqueront la fin de la période de transition, d’ici mars 2024.
Il s’agit d’un délai supérieur aux exigences initiales de la Cédéao – opposée à une prolongation de la transition au-delà de 16 mois –, mais qui pourrait suffire à arracher un compromis. D’autant que Bamako a aussi mis en place une commission chargée de rédiger la nouvelle Constitution, amorcé un dialogue avec la classe politique qui le réclamait de longue date et a aussi adopté une nouvelle loi électorale.
Selon les experts électoraux maliens, cette loi pourrait cependant permettre une candidature de l’actuel président de transition, le colonel Assimi Goïta. Aussi, dans cette dernière ligne droite, Bamako et la Cédéao ont notamment discuté du mécanisme de suivi à mettre en place pour la fin de la période de transition.
Dernier enjeu de taille : l’ampleur de la levée des sanctions qui, si elle était actée, pourrait ne pas être totale, mais progressive, en fonction de la concrétisation des engagements maliens.
Situation plus tendue en Guinée
La situation est plus tendue pour la Guinée. Les autorités de transition ont enfin ouvert un dialogue avec la classe politique, mais les principales formations ne le jugent pas crédible. Les procédures judiciaires visant les anciens responsables du régime d’Alpha Condé, l’interdiction de manifester et surtout le délai annoncé de trois années avant l’organisation d’élections continuent d’inquiéter les chefs d’État de la sous-région qui ont déjà menacé d’infliger des sanctions économiques au pays, en plus des sanctions ciblées déjà imposées aux dirigeants de la transition militaire.
Quant au Burkina, si la Cédéao reste inquiète de la dégradation sécuritaire sur le territoire et continue de rejeter les trois années réclamées par les nouvelles autorités avant l’organisation d’élections, le dialogue est jugé satisfaisant et pourrait susciter davantage d’indulgence de la part de l’organisation ouest-africaine.

Source: RFI
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