Rémy RUGIRA
Récit de The Rwandan
Le Rwanda a vivement réagi aux sanctions imposées par le Royaume-Uni, conséquence directe de son soutien au M23 dans l’est de la République démocratique du Congo. Par la voix de son ministère des Affaires étrangères, Kigali dénonce une décision « regrettable » et accuse Londres d’avoir « choisi un camp » dans ce conflit.
Dans son communiqué du 25 février 2025, le Rwanda affirme qu’il est « irréaliste » de s’attendre à ce qu’il « compromette sa sécurité nationale » et dénonce l’absence de pression internationale sur Kinshasa. Kigali met en avant les attaques contre les Banyamulenge en RDC pour légitimer sa posture agressive, feignant d’ignorer le véritable enjeu : la guerre d’expansion du M23, bras armé de son influence dans l’Est congolais.
Cette stratégie de victimisation est un classique du régime de Paul Kagame, qui présente systématiquement les Tutsi congolais comme une population menacée afin de justifier l’ingérence militaire rwandaise en RDC. Or, les crimes du M23, documentés par les Nations unies, contredisent ce discours. Ce groupe armé, officiellement défendant les intérêts de la communauté tutsi congolaise, sert avant tout les ambitions stratégiques de Kigali, qui vise le contrôle des richesses naturelles congolaises.
Face à cette situation, Londres a pris une décision forte en suspendant la majeure partie de son aide financière au Rwanda. L’objectif est clair : sanctionner le soutien de Kigali à une rébellion qui déstabilise l’Est de la RDC et alimente une crise humanitaire majeure.
Dans un communiqué publié le 25 février, le Foreign Office a exigé l’arrêt immédiat des hostilités et le retrait des troupes rwandaises. Il a pointé du doigt l’implication directe des Forces de défense rwandaises aux côtés du M23, notamment dans la prise des villes stratégiques de Goma et Bukavu. Londres a également annoncé qu’elle envisageait de coordonner de nouvelles sanctions avec ses partenaires, une menace qui place Kagame dans une position délicate sur la scène internationale.
David Lammy, chef de la diplomatie britannique, a rencontré le président congolais Félix Tshisekedi à Kinshasa et Paul Kagame à Kigali les 21 et 22 février. Il a appelé les deux dirigeants à s’engager sincèrement dans les processus de paix pilotés par d’anciens présidents africains. Mais les faits montrent que le Rwanda ne veut pas d’un règlement politique : il mise sur la force pour maintenir son emprise sur l’Est congolais, tout en cultivant une image de pays exemplaire auprès de ses alliés occidentaux.
Le modèle économique de Kagame repose en grande partie sur des aides internationales massives et une dette en constante augmentation. Derriere le vernis d’une « réussite économique » vantée dans certains cercles occidentaux, la réalité est tout autre : Kigali profite du pillage systématique des ressources congolaises pour alimenter son budget et compenser ses fragilités économiques. Cette stratégie, bien documentée par des rapports de l’ONU et d’ONG, est aujourd’hui de plus en plus difficile à masquer.
Paul Kagame (à gauche) et Felix Tshisekedi (à droite)
L’offensive du M23 a causé des milliers de morts et de déplacés en RDC, selon l’ONU. Les massacres, les exactions contre les populations civiles et le déplacement forcé de millions de Congolais rappellent que cette guerre sert avant tout les intérêts économiques et stratégiques du Rwanda. Paul Kagame, qui a bâti son pouvoir sur la répression et le contrôle absolu, joue une partie risquée en s’aliénant un allié historique comme le Royaume-Uni.
Avec la visite du procureur de la Cour pénale internationale à Kinshasa, la pression judiciaire pourrait s’ajouter aux sanctions économiques. Si la communauté internationale maintient sa fermeté, Kagame pourrait voir se réduire l’espace de manoeuvre dont il a bénéficié depuis plus de deux décennies.
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