Banki nkuru y’u Rwanda (BNR) yazamuye igipimo cy’inyungu fatizo itangiraho amafaranga yayo kuri banki z’ubucuruzi, icyemezo bamwe bakomeje kwibaza icyo kivuze ku buzima busanzwe bw’umuturage.
Itangazo ryo kuwa kane nijoro ry’iyi banki rivuga ko iyo nyungu yavanywe kuri 4.5% ikagezwa kuri 5% “mu rwego rwo gukumira izamuka rikabije ry’ibiciro ku isoko” no gukomeza gushyigikira “izahuka ry’ubukungu”.
Umuhanga mu bukungu avuga ko icyemezo cy’iyi banki ari umwanzuro wo “kubungabunga ubukungu bw’igihugu” ariko ko ari “inkuru mbi ku muturage”.
Kuzamura iyi nyungu ni iki?
Ubusanzwe inguzanyo z’amafaranga zitangwa mu buryo bubiri; hari inguzanyo banki z’ubucuruzi zifata muri Banki nkuru y’igihugu cyangwa se hagati yazo ubwazo.
Banki z’ubucuruzi zihabwa amafaranga ariko zikayatangaho inyungu runaka, ariyo Banki y’u Rwanda yita ‘igipimo cy’inyungu fatizo’.
Banki y’ubucuruzi nayo iragenda ikagurisha ya mafaranga (iyatangamo inguzanyo) ishakamo inyungu yayo, kuko nayo iba yayaranguye igamije kunguka.
Banki nkuru ivuga ko igipimo cy’inyungu banki z’ubucuruzi zigurizanyaho hagati yazo kitahindutse kandi ko inguzanyo zihabwa abikorera bagana banki z’ubucuruzi zikomeje kwiyongera.
Iyi banki ivuga ko inyungu banki ubwazo zigurizanyaho mu 2021 yari 5.18% naho inyungu ku nguzanyo baha abaturage yari 16.18% mu 2020, kandi ko abasaba inguzanyo muri banki biyongereyeho 15% mu 2021.
Icyemezo cya BNR kivuze iki ku muturage?
Umuhanga mu by’ubukungu Teddy Kaberuka avuga ko icyemezo gishya cya Banki nkuru cyo kuzamura inyungu fatizo itangiraho amafaranga yayo kigamije kubungabunga ubukungu ariko “ni inkuru mbi ku muturage”.
Yabwiye BBC ati: “Ni ukuva ngo igiciro cy’amafaranga kigiye kwiyongera. Niba banki yafashe amafaranga ihenzwe nayo iyacuruza ahenze.
“Iyo iyi nyungu fatizo yiyongereye haba ibintu bibiri; icya mbere inyungu ku nguzayo muri banki iriyongera, ibyo bivuze ko abaza gufata inguzanyo muri banki bagabanuka kuko ikiguzi cy’inguzanyo cyiyongereye ni ukuvuga ngo ishoramari riragabanuka.
“Iyo ishoramari rigabanutse ni ukuvuga ngo imirimo ihangwa kw’isoko iraganuka.”
Atanga urugero ko niba hari abantu 1000 bashakaga kujya gufata inguzanyo kuri banki, muri bo hari ababireka kuko inyungu bazasabwa ku mafaranga bashaka yiyongereye.
Yongeraho ati: “Icya kabiri ni uko ikigo cy’ubucuruzi gikorana na banki iyo gifashe inguzanyo ngo kijye kurangura ibiciruzwa kibizane gicuruze, iyo gifashe inguzanyo ihenze baragenda bakarangura ibicuruzwa ariko bajya kubigurisha bakazamura igiciro kuko babonye inguzanyo ibahenze.
“…bivuga ngo wa muturage wo hasi utanakorana na banki nawe bimugiraho ingaruka kuko ikiguzi ku isoko kirazamuka bitewe n’ikiguzi cyo kubona amafaranga muri banki.
“Iyo rero igipimo cy’inyungu fatizo cyiyongereye bigira ingaruka ku muntu wese, yaba ukoresha banki, yaba n’utayikoresha.”
Kuki banki ifata icyemezo nk’iki?
Banki y’u Rwanda ivuga ko yazamuye igipimo cy’inyungu ku mafaranga “mu rwego rwo gukumira izamuka rikabije ry’ibiciro ku isoko, kandi n’izahuka ry’ubukungu rigakomeza gusigasirwa”.
Mu cyumweru cyashize, ikigo c’ibarurishamibare mu Rwanda cyatangaje ko ibiciro ku masoko yo mijyi byazamutse ku gipimo cya 4.3% hagati ya Mutarama(1) 2021 na Mutarama 2022.
Mu myaka micye ishize kugeza ubu abaturage mu gihugu bakomeje kwinubira izamuka ry’ibiciro ku bicuruzwa by’ibanze bakenera nk’ibiribwa n’ibitekeshwa.
Teddy Kaberuka avuga ko izamuka ry’ibiciro ku isoko mu gihugu no ku isoko mpuzamahanga “iyo urebye imbere ubona ko bizakomeza kuzamuka no muri ibi bihembwe bibiri biri imbere”.
Ati: “Abashinzwe politiki y’ifaranga bareba ibyo bipimo, nakwita bibi, by’ibiciro ku masoko mpuzamahanga no mu gihugu bakavuga bati ‘ukomeje politiki y’ifaranga yari iriho ushobora kugira ihungabana ry’ubukungu rishingiye ku mabanki kandi amabanki agira uruhare rukomeye mu kubungabunga politiki y’ifaranga.
“Niyo mpamvu bavuga bati ‘nubwo tuzi ko hari ingaruka bizagira ku biciro ku masoko, no ku bukungu tugomba kuzamura igiciro cy’inyungu fatizo kuko niwo mwanzuro uri hagati kugira ngo habungabungwe kudahungabana cyane k’ubukungu bw’igihugu.
“Ariko ibyo bifite ingaruka ku biciro bizaza no ku ishoramari.”
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