Inyanja(océan)itandukaniye he n’inyanja(mer)?

Inkuru ya Prof.Maurice Hakizimana yakuwe ku rukuta rwe rwa facebook

Maze gusobanura ibya PhD,hari *umwarimu unsabye kumusobanurira itandukaniro riri hagati ya océans na mers.Nkeka ko byombi byitwa *inyanja mu kinyarwanda.Reka ngerageze muri uru rurimi rwacu,ariko byoroshye kubisobanura mu kizungu.

1.Ni amazina yumvikanyweho kuva kera (conventionnel)

Izina “océan” ryemeranyijweho mu kinyejana cya XIX, uwitwa Magellan avuye kuzenguruka inyanja ya Pacifique(bivuga umutuzo) akiyamira ati “ni amazi atuje”.Ijambo “mer” mu kilatini ni “mare et maris” naho “océan”,yo, ikomoka mu kigereki “Ôkeanos” yari imana y’abarobyi n’abakoresha inyanja,bikaba bivuga amazi akikije «ubutaka» bw’Isi.

Muri make,byemeranyijweho ko,océan ari inyanja nini cyane ifite amazi arimo umunyu muke ugereranyije na mer ,ayo mazi magari akaba ariyo agabanya imigabane y’isi.

Ku isi haba océans 5 gusa :

Pacifique,

Atlantique,

Indien,

Arctique,

Austral.

2.Irindi tandukaniro ni ingano yabyo/ubuso (taille)

L’océan irusha ubunini mer !

Kugira ngo ubyumve reka nguhe urugero mu mibare:

Océan ngari kuruta izindi muri izo eshanu navuze ni Arctique, ifite ubuso bwa 14,09 millions de km² mu gihe mer ya rutura kuruta izindi zose ku isi ari yo mer d’Arabie, iri Ku buso bwa 3,6 millions de km².

3.Inyanja “mers” zigira inkombe,ziba mu bihugu cyangwa zikaba nka annexes kuri océans.

Reba nka Méditerranée n’ubunigo(détroit) bwa Gibraltar.

Hari mers eshatu zinafungiranye byuzuye :

la mer Caspienne, la mer d’Aral et la mer Morte (inyanja y’Umunyu).

Mu ziri nka annexes ya za océans,harimo nka la mer Jaune muri océan Pacifique.

4.Icya 4 gikomeye gitandukanya mers/océans ni uko amazi ya mer abamo umunyu mwinshi kurusha aya océan

Muribuka igitera umunyu kuba mwinshi muri mer? Ni évaporation iri hejuru. Reka nguhe ibipimo nk’urugero rwagufasha: Igipimo cy’umunyu wo mu nyanja(océan)uba ugereranyije ni garama 35 kuri litiro. Nyamara ibipimo cyo mu nyanja(mer) urugero nka Mer Rouge(Inyanja itukura), kiratumbagira kugera kuri garama 41/litre.Mu Nyanja y’Umunyu(Mer Morte) ho ni ibindi bindi: 275 g/l !

Irengayobora rito riza kuri mer Baltique,igira akunyu gake( hagati ya 5 na 10 g/l) kubera ko hisukamo imigezi (fleuves)myinshi. Nizere ko muzi gutandukanya imigezi(fleuves) n’imigezi (rivières).

5.Itandukaniro rya gatanu ni ubujyakuzimu (profondeur)hamwe n’ibinyabuzima bibamo (diversité biologique).

Duhere Ku bujyakuzimu.

Ndatanga ingero mu mibare nanone.Inyanja(mer) de Norvège ifite ubujyakuzimi bugera muri 4 000 mètres (ntitubara muri kilomètres)😀. Inyanja (mer) de Corail, iyi hagati ya Australie na Nouvelle Calédonie yo ishyika muri 9 140 m.Hano mu Bufaransa hari la Manche (la mer du Nord) yo ntinarenza ubujyakuzimu bwa 200 mètres … Ariko inyanja (océans),nibura kimwe cya kabiri cy’ubujyakuzimu bwazo buba burenga 3 000 m. Nka La fosse des Mariannes, igira ubujyakuzimu bwa11 020 m.

Icya nyuma gitandukanya océans na mers ni uko océans n’ubwo ari zo ngari ariko nizo zigira ibinyabuzima bike,ibikoko byinshi kandi by’amoko atandukanye biba mu nyanja(mers).

Urugero: Inyanja (mer) Méditerranée ibamo amoko (espèces)hagati ya 4 na 18 % y’amoko y’ibikoko byo mu mazi yo ku isi hose mu gihe mu nyanja(océans) habamo duke(munsi ya 1 % y’ibikoko byo mazi yo Ku isi hose).

Mu yandi magambo, inyanja(mer) ni nto ariko zibitsemo ubuzima !

source: https://business.facebook.com/Hakizimana-Maurice-2220484434682831/?xts[0]=68..

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