Afurika

Uko abasirikare bari guhirika ubutegetsi bw’abasivili muri Africa y’uburengerazuba

January 29, 2022
La rédaction,Afrique la 1ère.com
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Umugore ugaragaza imbamutima ze, ubwo imbaga yari yateranye mu gushyigikira ihirikwa rya Perezida Roch Christian Kaboré, iseswa rya guverinoma, guhagarika itegekonshinga no gufunga imipaka byakozwe n'igisirikare, aha ni mu murwa mukuru Ouagadougou wa Burkina Faso, ku itariki ya 25 y'ukwezi kwa mbere mu 2022.
Abantu bamwe muri Burkina Faso bishimiye ko igisirikare cyahiritse ubutegetsi

Nyuma yuko abasirikare bafashe ubutegetsi muri Burkina Faso, umusesenguzi w’aka karere Paul Melly arasesengura impamvu Afurika y’uburengerazuba irimo kugaragaramo inkubiri nshya y’ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi nyuma yuko byasaga nkaho demokarasi yashinze imizi muri ako karere.

Nyuma y’amezi atageze kuri atanu abambaye imyenda ya gisirikare bagaragaye kuri televiziyo y’igihugu muri Guinea bagatangaza ko bahiritse ku butegetsi Perezida Alpha Condé, ibi byisubiyemo ku wa mbere muri Burkina Faso, ubwo igisirikare cyatangazaga ko cyahiritse Perezida Roch Christian Kaboré.

Kandi aho ntakwibagirwa ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi inshuro ebyiri ryabaye muri Mali, aho mu kwezi kwa munani mu 2020 abasirikare bahiritse uwari Perezida Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta.

Basezeranyije umuryango w’ubukungu w’ibihugu byo muri Afurika y’uburengerazuba (CEDEAO/ECOWAS) ko bazakoresha amatora bitarenze mu kwezi gukurikiyeho, ariko mu kwezi kwa gatanu mu 2021 bahiritse ubutegetsi ku nshuro ya kabiri kugira ngo bongere gushimangira kugenzura inzibacyuho (imfatakibanza mu Kirundi), nyuma batangaza gahunda yo kuguma ku butegetsi mu gihe kigera hafi ku yindi myaka itanu.

Nyamara, Afurika y’uburengerazuba yahoze ari akarere karangwamo politiki y’abasivile y’amashyaka menshi igendera ku itegekonshinga.

Ibihugu hafi ya byose nibura byavugwaga ko byarimo demokarasi, nubwo abaperezida bamwe batowe, nyuma yo kugera ku butegetsi bahinduraga amategeko mu rwego rwo kubugundira.

None ubu ibihugu bitatu by’ibinyamuryango bya CEDEAO bitegetswe n’abasirikare.

Igihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare cyari kimaze kwibagirana kirimo kugaruka?

Birashoboka ko gutekereza gutyo byaba ari uburyo bwo kurebera ibintu hejuru butinjira mu kibazo nyirizina.

Guinea buri gihe yahoraga yitwara mu buryo butandukanye n’ibindi bihugu – ikarangwa n’amateka yo kugira ubuyobozi bubi n’ikandamiza.

Alpha Condé yatowe mu 2010 nka Perezida wa mbere utowe binyuze muri demokarasi, ariko uko ibihe byagiye bishira yagiye arushaho kuba umunyagitugu, ahindura itegekonshinga kugira ngo ashobore kwiyamamariza manda ya gatatu mu 2020 ndetse afunga abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bwe bakomezaga kwiyongera.

Guhirikwa kwe mu kwezi kwa cyenda mu 2021 – kwakozwe n’abasirikare basezeranya gushyiraho inzibacyuho ihuriwemo na bose yerekeza kuri demokarasi nyayo – kwishimiwe n’Abanya-Guinea hafi ya bose; no mu ishyaka rye bwite abantu bacye cyane ni bo bonyine babaye nk’abatishimira ihirikwa rye.

Uko kurwanya intagondwa byagejeje ku ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi – nanone

Bitandukanye no muri Guinea, muri Burkina Faso ho, cyo kimwe no muri Mali, ni ikibazo cy’umutekano mucye gitejwe n’intagondwa ziyitirira idini ya Islam bigaragara ko cyahungabanyije ibintu.

Amakuru ya buri kanya y’ibitero by’intagondwa ziyitirira Islam yenyegeje uburakari mu baturage babugaragariza mu mihanda yo mu mijyi, ndetse no kugira inzika kw’abasirikare bumvaga ko barimo gushorwa – bafite ibikoresho bidahagije, badahembwa neza cyangwa batanagaburirwa uko bikwiye – ku rugamba rwo kurwanya imitwe y’intagondwa itazuyaza mu kwica.

Ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi i Ouagadougou ryo muri iki cyumweru – cyo kimwe n’ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi muri Mali mu 2020, ndetse n’iryabanje muri Mali ubwo igisirikare cyafataga ubutegetsi mu 2012 – ni uguturika kw’uburakari bw’abasirikare bo ku rwego rwo hasi n’abo ku rwego rwo hagati na hagati bashyira mu byago ubuzima bwabo ku rugamba muri iyi ntambara aho buri ruhande rudashaka kugira ibyo rwemera (rwigomwa) bisabwa n’urundi.

Imbamutima zarushijeho kwiyongera cyane, by’umwihariko kuva ku itariki ya 14 y’ukwezi kwa cumi na kumwe ubwo intagondwa ziyitirira Islam zagabaga igitero ku kigo cy’abajandarume mu karere ka Inata mu majyaruguru ya Burkina Faso, cyiciwemo abajandarume 53 mu bajandarume 120 bari bakirimo.

Abantu bateranye mu gushyigikira ihirikwa rya Perezida Roch Christian Kaboré, iseswa rya guverinoma, guhagarika itegekonshinga no gufunga imipaka byakozwe n'igisirikare, aha ni mu murwa mukuru Ouagadougou wa Burkina Faso, ku itariki ya 25 y'ukwezi kwa mbere mu 2022.
Bamwe mu baturage ba Burkina Faso barashaka ko abasirikare b’Uburusiya basimbura abasirikare b’Ubufaransa muri icyo gihugu – nkuko byagenze muri Mali

Mu mwaka ushize, hiyongereye ubusabe bw’uko habaho uburyo buboneye bwo gucunga umutekano, ndetse Perezida Kaboré mbere yavuguruye guverinoma ye, akurikizaho no kuvugurura ubuyobozi bwa gisirikare, mu rwego rwo gusubiza ibintu ku murongo muri politiki no gutangira kugarura ituze mu ntara zo mu majyaruguru no mu burasirazuba bwa Burkina Faso zashegeshwe n’intambara.

Mu myaka ibiri ishize, muri izo ntara amashuri arenga 1,000 yafunze imiryango ndetse n’abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 1.5 bahunga urugomo bata ingo zabo, bamwe muri bo basigara nta yandi mahitamo yandi bafite atari ayo gusabiriza amafaranga cyangwa ibiryo ku mihanda yo mu murwa mukuru. Abantu barenga 2,000 barishwe.

Birumvikana, ibibazo byo mu karere ka Sahel si ibya none. Mu gihe cy’imyaka icumi, imitwe y’intagondwa ziyitirira Islam n’ubushyamirane hagati y’amoko byashyize mu kaga umutekano wa buri munsi w’abatuye mu byaro byo mu bice by’ako karere, mu gihe za leta zifite intege nkeya zagorwaga no kugumishaho ubutegetsi na serivisi by’ibanze muri ibyo bice.

Ubwo abasirikare b’Ubufaransa n’abo mu bihugu byo muri Afurika y’uburengerazuba boherezwaga muri Mali mu 2013, bashoboye kubohora imijyi yari yarigaruriwe n’intagondwa. Ariko ibyo ntibyahagaritse kwaguka kw’ahakorerwa urugomo mu cyaro.

Ndetse muri iyi myaka itatu ishize, byabaye nkaho umutekano mucye urimo kurushaho kongera umuvuduko – by’umwihariko muri Burkina Faso, aho ibitero bitarobanura ku basivile no ku bigo by’abashinzwe umutekano byakwirakwiriye byihuse bigana mu majyepfo bivuye mu turere twa kure two ku mipaka bikagera no ku batuye hafi cyane y’umurwa mukuru Ouagadougou.

Umuhanda munini wo mu burasirazuba wa Fada Ngourma, no hakurya yawo, ku mupaka na Niger, ntihakirangwa umutekano. Kandi n’ibisasu bya ‘mines’ bihishwa mu mukungugu (mu butaka) mu buryo bworoshye mu mihanda yo mu cyaro yo muri ako karere, bigashyira mu byago ingendo za buri munsi z’abantu bajya ku masoko cyangwa ku mashuri.

Mu kwezi kwa gatandatu mu mwaka ushize, ubwicanyi bwakozwe n’intagondwa mu byaro bya Solhan na Tadaryat, mu ntara ya Yagha, bwiciwemo abantu batari munsi ya 174.

Uko Kaboré yatakarijwe icyizere

Bwana Kaboré yatowe mu kwezi kwa cumi na kumwe mu 2015, nyuma y’impinduramatwara yakozwe n’abaturage yari yarakuyeho ubutegetsi bw’igitugu bwabanje. Imyaka itanu nyuma yaho, yongeye gutorerwa manda ya kabiri, mu matora muri rusange yabaye mu mucyo no muri demokarasi.

Ariko nyuma yaho, yatakarijwe icyizere n’abaturage mu buryo bwihuse, ubwo icyizere cyuko yashobora gucyemura ikibazo cy’urugomo rwiyongeraga rw’intagondwa ziyitirira Islam, cyarindimukaga.

Nyuma yuko mu byumweru bya vuba aha bishize abasirikare bari bakomeje kugaragaza ko barakaye, abasirikare bo mu bigo by’ingenzi byo mu murwa mukuru Ouagadougou, ku cyumweru baje kugumuka, bigera ku mugoroba wo ku wa mbere iyo myivumbagatanyo yahindutse ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi.

Biraboneka ko hari isano bifitanye n’ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi ryakozwe n’igisirikare muri Mali mu 2020. Icyo gihe, ryabaye nyuma y’inkubiri y’ibitero bikaze by’intagondwa ziyitirira Islam byo mu mwaka wabanje, nubwo nyuma yaho leta hari intambwe yari yateye mu gusubiza ibintu mu buryo ifatanyije n’ibihugu by’abaturanyi hamwe n’Ubufaransa.

Ariko kuri iyi nshuro, muri Burkina Faso, ibintu byarihuse.

Igitero cyo mu karere ka Inata cyabaye mu gihe leta yari ikirimo kongera kwiga ku buryo bwayo bw’urugamba, kandi bisa nkaho guta umutwe byarushijeho kwiyongera.

Nyuma y’amezi atageze kuri atatu icyo gitero kibaye, Bwana Kaboré ntakiri ku butegetsi, ubu afunzwe n’igisirikare.

Abantu bari kuri moto hamwe n'imizigo bahunze bava mu cyaro, mu muhanda uva muri komine (akarere) ya Barsalogho werekeza mu mujyi wa Kaya, ku itariki ya 27 y'ukwezi kwa mbere mu 2020
Muri Burkina Faso, abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 1.5 byabaye ngombwa ko bahunga bata ingo zabo kubera ibitero by’intagondwa

Biroroshye kwibwira ko ari nkaho intagondwa zirimo gushaka guteza akaduruvayo mu ngabo z’ibihugu byo mu karere ka Sahel.

Ariko mu by’ukuri, amakuru y’ibitero by’ubwicanyi bya hato na hato, byicirwamo abaturage bo mu cyaro, abakorerabushake bacunga umutekano cyangwa abasirikare cyangwa abajandarume, byenyegeza umwuka w’ubwoba ndetse wenda no kumva ko nta kirengera bafite, bishobora kubangamira ko igisirikare kiyoboka (cyubaha) abategetsi.

None ubu haribazwa niba Niger – na yo yagabweho ibitero n’imitwe imwe n’iyo yateye muri Mali na Burkina Faso – na yo ishobora kuba iri mu byago byuko igisirikare cyahirika ubutegetsi.

Hari bicyeya bizwi neza ku kuntu ibintu bimeze ubu muri Sahel. Ariko hari itandukaniro rito n’uko ibintu bimeze muri Burkina Faso.

Perezida wa Niger Mohamed Bazoum yatangije gahunda nini yo gushishikariza abatuye mu byaro gusubira mu turere two ku ivuko bahoze batuyemo mbere yuko bahunga urugomo, ariko ubu noneho bagashyigikirwa n’abasirikare bongerewe muri utwo turere, no gusubizaho serivisi zo mu nzego z’ibanze na gahunda z’iterambere.

Ibi ni ukugerageza kwirinda ko urugomo rw’intagondwa rwatuma uturere tumwe dusigara nta baturage bakitubamo, ndetse rugasenya imibereho n’ubukungu bwatwo. Bizashoboka?

Bamwe mu babikurikiranira hafi bavuga ko igisubizo ku kibazo cy’akarere ka Sahel “cyahindutse icyo mu rwego rw’umutekano”, bakavuga ko iterambere ari ryo gisubizo nyakuri.

Ariko muri aka karere, benshi basubiza ko bidashoboka gucyemura ingorane zo mu rwego rw’ubukungu n’imibereho utabanje gutanga umutekano.

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2px presentational grey line
Ikarita ya Burkina Faso

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