Kuva mu kwezi kwa (7) Nyakanga 2021, ingabo z’u Rwanda zoherejwe mu gihugu cya Mozambike kurwana n’inyeshyamba zifitanye isano n’ibyihebe byiyita Leta ya Kiyisilamu mu ntara ya Cabo Delgado. Tariki 26 Mutarama 2022 umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe ingabo z’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’u Burayi bwana Hervé Bléjean yahishuye ko u Rwanda rwasabye “inkunga y’amafaranga yo gukoresha muri ibyo bikorwa mu rwego rw’uburayi rushinzwe amahoro,kandi ko ubuyobozi bwarwo bushyigikiye ko izo nkunga zitangwa” [1].
Uwo mwanzuro w’ibihugu by’i Burayi wo gutera inkunga z’amafaranga ibikorwa bya gisirikare byo guhashya “ibyihehe” mu ntara ya Cabo Delgado urumvikana rwose,gusa igiteye amakenga,ni uguhitamo gukoresha u Rwanda muri ubwo bufatanye bwo kugarurayo umutekano.
Muri iyi nyandiko turagerageza gusesengurira hamwe namwe imimerere n’impamvu zishobora kuba zasunikira inzego z’ibihugu by’i Burayi,ziri gushorwa n’igihugu cy’Ubufaransa,guha amafaranga yo gukoreshwa n’igisirikare cy’u Rwanda.
Uwo mushinga wo gusabira u Rwanda ayo mafaranga wahimbwe kandi ujyanwa muri bagenzi be b’i Burayi na perezida w’Ubufaransa bwana Emmanuel Macron.
Impamvu ari umushinga w’Abafaransa,ni uko mu kwezi kwa(10)Ukwakira 2011,mu gihugu cya Mozambike havumbuwe ibirombe binini cyane byuzuyemo gaz mu birometero bigera kuri 40 mu nyanja aherekeye mu majyaruguru y’igihugu. Niramuka icukuwe yose,ibyo birombe birimo gazi igera kuri metero kibe miliyari ibihumbi bitanu,bizahindura Mozambike igihugu cya kane ku isi gicukurwamo kandi kikohereza hanze gazi itunganyijwe,kandi izaba ariyo ya mbere ku mugabane wa Afurika. Isosiyeti yitwa TotalEnergies y’abafaransa irazwi cyane mu gucuruza ibikomoka kuri peteroli/lisansi ku isi,niyo yashoye imali y’akayabo ka miliyari 20 z’amadolari ya Amerika muri uwo mushinga wa Gaz,ikaba ari yo Sosiyeti yigenga y’abafaransa nini cyane ikorera ku mugabane wa Afurika.Umunyamerika ExxonMobil n’umutaliyani ENI nabo bashyize imigabane y’akayabo muri uwo mushinga wo gucukura iyo gaz.
Nyuma y’igitero gishya cy’iterabwoba ry’uwo mutwe ugendera ku mahame akaze ya kiyisilamu cyabaye tariki ya 24 (3) werurwe 2021, ya Sosiyeti TotalEnergies yahagaritse imirimo.Abo bakozi b’abafaransa basohoye itangazo risobanura impamvu basubitse imirimo bavuga ko byatewe « n’impamvu zikomeye z’umutekano ugenda urushaho kuba mubi »[2]. Uko bigaragara, ingabo za Mozambike ntizari zigishoboye kugenzura igice cyose cy’iyo ntara yaCabo Delgado yari imaze kwigarurirwa igice kinini n’abarwanyi bagendera ku lhame akaze ya kiyisilamu (djihadistes).
Perezida wa Mozambike bwana Filipe Nyusi,yahise yitabaza bwangu bagenzi be basangiye inyungu zizavamo,cyane cyane igihugu cy’Ubufaransa ,maze bamugira inama yo kwitabaza perezida mugenzi we w’u Rwanda.Ntiyazuyaje kuko tariki 30 z’ukwezi kwa(4) Mata 2021 yari yasesekaye i Kigali kugira ngo asabe byemewe uwo musada. Perezida w’u Rwanda Paul Kagame,mbere yo kumwemerera byuzuye kuzoherezayo ingabo ze,yabanje gushaka kumenya niba abazungu b’i Burayi ba nyiri nyungu bazamutera ho inkunga y’amafaranga.Yabanje gusimbukira i Paris mu kwezi kwakurikiyeho (kwa 5) Gicurasi 2021 mu nama y’ishoramari ku iterambere ry’ubukungu bwa Afurika. Mu mwiherero iyo nama igikomeje,perezida Paul Kagame yihengekanye na mugenzi we perezida Emmanuel Macron hamwe na Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Porutugari bwana Antonio Costa kugira ngo ababaze niba biteguye koko kuzamushyigikira muri uwo mushinga.
Bamaze kumuha icyizere, ingabo z’u Rwanda ntizatinze kuko aba mbere bagera ku basirikare n’abapolisi 1000 bahise boherezwa muri Mozambike mu ntangiriro z’ukwezi kwa (7) Nyakanga 2021. Kuva ubwo, ingabo z’u Rwanda zikorana n’ingabo za Mozambike ndetse n’ingabo z’ibihugu by’Umuryango wa SADEC mu guhashya abarwanyi babuzaga amahoro iyo ntara.
UBUFARANSA BUKORA ICYO BUSHATSE CYOSE MURI AFURIKA
N’ubwo igihugu cy’Ubufaransa ari cyo gihangayikishijwe cyane n’uwo mutekano muke,nticyashatse kohereza ingabo zacyo bwite kurwanya abarwanyi ba kiyisilamu bamereye nabi intara ya Cabo Delgado. Birumvikana kuko ingabo z’Ubufaransa zitorohewe n’indi ntambara zirwana n’ibyihebe bikora iterabwoba muri Sahel kandi zikaba zihafite isura mbi cyane ndetse zanzwe n’abaturage bo mu ri ibyo bice byegereye Sahel,abaturage batakizifitiye icyizere nyuma y’imyaka icyenda y’intambara barwanamo,nta musaruro ufatika ugaragara.Ikindi kandi,ibindi bikorwa bya gisirikare by’Ubufaransa nk’ibyakozwe muri Côte d’ivoire,muri République Centrafricaine cyangwa muri Libiya byose byagiye birangira nabi,isura y’Ubufaransa ihangirikiye cyane.
Abanyafurika benshi bashinja Ubufaransa kwitwara « nk’umukoloni mushya w’indyarya ».Bashinja Ubufaransa kubabwiriza ivanjiri yo kubahiriza uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu n’amahame ya demukarasi,ku ruhande rumwe, nyamara ku rundi,bugashyigikira abanyagitugu bari ku butegetsi muri Afurika no kwishakira uko bubungabunga inyungu zabwo gusa,bunyuze mu nzira zose zishoboka.
Urubyiruko rwo mu bihugu byo mu burengerazuba bwa Afurika,rwarabirambiwe maze ruhagurukira rimwe mu gushyigikira ibikorwa bigayitse by’abasirikare bari guhirika bene ubwo butegetsi (coups d’Etat militaires),ibintu byiganje cyane muri iyi myaka ya vuba aha nko muri Mali, muri Gineya no muri Burkina-Faso,banatera umugongo Ubufaransa bwari bwarabifatiye imyaka n’imyaniko bahitamo gukorana n’Uburusiya n’ubwo nabwo ari yo yayo,ariko nibe nabwo.
Kubera izo mpamvu zose rero,abayobozi b’Ubufaransa,basigaye bashidikanya kohereza ingabo zabo ubwabo ku butaka bwa Afurika.
AMAYERI YA KAGAME YO GUCURUZA BUCANCURO INGABO ZE NK’INTWARO YA DIPOLOMASI YAGEZE KU NTEGO
Iyi mikorere mishya y’abayobozi b’Ubufaransa yatumye perezidansi y’Ubufaransa yiyemeza kubyutsa umubano n’igihugu cy’u Rwanda. U Rwanda rumaze imyaka 20 rucungira ibintu byose(harimo n’ububanyi n’amahanga) ku ngufu za gisirikare. Nk’ubu,nicyo gihugu cya kane ku isi cyohereza ingabo zacyo mu butumwa bw’amahoro bw’Umuryango w’abibumbye ONU hirya no hino ku isi kikaba icya mbere ugereranyije abasirikare bacyo boherezwa n’umubare w’abaturage bacyo [3], ubwo bushake bwinshi cyane u Rwanda rugaragariza bose bwashimwe cyane i New York muri ONU. U Rwanda rwashoboye kujya rukoresha uwo mwanya rufite ku rwego mpuzamahanga,ni ukuvuga wo kuba rufite ingabo zinyanyagiye hirya no hino mu bikorwa bya ONU byo kugarura amahoro,mu gushyira igitutu cya dipolomasi ku bihugu bimwe na bimwe.Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika,zagiye zimukoresha cyane,ndetse zikanamurinda icyamuhungabanya. Uko kohereza ingabo si ubukorerabushake bwa gutyo gusa, kuko dufashe urugero nko muri uyu mwaka wa 2022,Umuryango w’Abibumbye uzaha u Rwanda miliyoni 171 z’amadolari ya Amerika[4] nk’agahimbazamusyi k’ibikorwa byo kubungabunga amahoro rwakoze mu bihugu binyuranye.
Iyo manu y’agatubutse hamwe no kuba abasirikare b’u Rwanda bamaze kuba inararibonye mu bikorwa bya gisirikare nibyo byatumye perezida Paul Kagame agira igisirikare cy’umwuga,cyatojwe,kandi gifite ibikoresho bikomeye,kivugwaho kuba kimwe mu bikomeye kurusha ibyinshi muri Afurika.
Uko gushimwa kw’igisirikare cy’u Rwanda niko kwatumye buhoro buhoro i Kigali bagenda bagihinduramo icyo guca incuro,maze ibyahoze ari ukubungabunga amahoro ku isi byemewe n’Umuryango w’abibumbye babihinduramo gucuruza igisirikare ku gihugu kizikeneye mu buryo butaziguye. Igikorwa cya mbere cyo gucuruza ingabo muri ubwo buryo cyakozwe mu kwezi kwa (12) ukuboza 2020 ku gihugu cya République Centrafricaine (RCA) [5],[6], aho u Rwanda rwohereje ingabo zo mu mutwe udasanzwe kujya kurinda perezida Faustin-Archange Touadéra, wari wugarijwe n’inyeshyamba zashakaga kumufatana igihugu zari zigeze mu bilometero bike cyane zerekeza mu murwa mukuru,Bangui.
Aho nanone, u Rwanda rwahakuye imali ishyushye kuko rwagiranye na Centre Afrique amasezerano y’ubuhahirane n’ubucuruzi yatumye rubasha gukurayo amabuye y’agaciro atagira ingano.[7]
UBUFARANSA BWAHISEMO KAGAME NGO ABUCUNGIRE INYUNGU ZABWO MURI CENTRAFRIQUE
Iyo mikoranire hagati y’u Rwanda na Repubulika ya Centrafurika(RCA) yahawe umugisha n’Ubufaransa hamwe n’Uburayi. Igihugu cya Centrafurika ni kimwe mu byahoze bikolonijwe b’Ubufaransa kandi i Paris baracyahagenzura bubi na bwiza. Ariko,mu mwaka wa 2016, perezida François Hollande yafashe umwanzuro wo gukurayo ingabo z’Ubufaransa zari zaragiyeyo mu gikorwa (Opération) cyiswe Sangaris zahakoreraga kuva mu mwaka wa 2013.U Bufaransa rero bwagombaga gukurayo ingabo zabwo zose mbere gato y’uko perezida mushya bwana Faustin-Archange Touadéra atangira imirimo ye,ariko hari hakiri ibibazo bikomeye by’umutekano kandi bihangayikishije cyane.
Ibyo rero nibyo byahaye icyuho igihugu cy’Uburusiya cyane cyane ingabo zabwo zo mu mutwe wihariye,ukaze cyane, zikora ubucanshuro zizwi ku izina rya Wagner.Perezida mushya wa centrafrika wari ukeneye cyane ubufasha bw’amahanga yahise asimbukira mu Barusiya maze nabo bamwumva vuba baza gusimbura abafaransa i Bangui. Abo bacanshuro b’abarusiya bungukiye muri ako kavuyo kose maze nabo bisahurira amabuye y’agaciro atagira ingano y’igihugu cya Centrafrique[8].
I Paris, bahise bajiginywa kuko basimbujwe maze batangira gushaka undi muvuno. Umwe mu myanzuro perezida w’Ubufaransa yafashe ni iyo guhamagara i Kigali.Kuva muri 2014, Umuryango w’abibumbye ONU wari waratangije ubutumwa bw’amahoro muri Centrafrique,ubutumwa bwiswe MINUSCA aho u Rwanda rwari rwaroherejemo abasirikare mu izina rya ONU kuva ubwo butumwa bugitangira. Kubera ko nta ngabo zihagije kandi zatojwe Centrafrique yari ifite,u Rwanda ari narwo rwari rufite abasirikare benshi muri ubwo butumwa bwa MINUSCA[9], rwahindutse vuba igihugu cya kabiri kihafite ijambo rikomeye inyuma y’Uburusiya.
Kuva rero Ubufaransa bwikuye muri RCA,bwatangije imishinga myinshi yo kwemezwa n’akanama na ONU gashinzwe amahoro ku isi,imyanzuro igamije gufasha no gutera inkunga ingabo ziri mu butumwa bwa MINUSCA,ariko Uburusiya bukayiburizamo [10] bukoresheje rya jwi ritavuguruzwa ryabwo ryitwa “droit de veto”. Umwanzuro u Rwanda rwafashe muri 2020 wo kohereza muri Centrafurika ingabo nyinshi ku ruhande mu bwumvikane bw’ibihugu byombi,bikaba byarabaye igikorwa cyaburijemo ibyo by’amajwi atavuguruzwa yo mu kanama k’Umuryango w’abibumbye,byakiriwe neza i Paris.
Ayo mahitamo y’Ubufaransa yo gushyigikira ubucancuro u Rwanda rwakoze muri Centrafurika rwayahisemo kubera ko,ku ruhande rumwe,bwashakaga ko inyungu z’Ubufaransa zidahungabanywa ahubwo u Rwanda rukazirinda,ku rundi ruhande,byari ugukoresha Kigali nk’ijisho ryabwo ngo Uburusiya butiba cyane umutungo mwinshi cyane wa RCA no kugabanya imbaraga zabwo. Kuva ubwo,u Rwanda ruhinduka igikoresho Ubufaransa bukoresha gicancuro muri Centrafrique.
Uko gufasha u Rwanda bucece, Paris yanabukoresheje inyuze mu muryango w’Ubumwe bw’uburayi. Ikinyamakuru gicukumbura cyane kitwa African Intelligence[11], igitangazamakuru gifite ubuhanga mu gukurikirana buri kantu kose mu bibaye muri politike n’ubukungu byo ku mugabane wa Afurika,giherutse guhishura ko umuryango w’Uburayi bwunze ubumwe (Union européenne) uteganya kurindisha u Rwanda ingabo zatojwe kinyamwuga zizakora ubutumwa bwa gisirikare zikorera ibihugu by’Uburayi,kugira ngo byizere ko abo basirikare batazakoreshwa cyangwa ngo bakorane bya hafi n’umutwe udasanzwe w’abacancuro bo mu Burusiya bo muri Wagner.
KUBYUTSA UMUBANO «IKIGUZI BYASABA CYOSE»
Ku ruhande rumwe hari igihugu cya rutura cy’igihangange ariko kigenda biguru ntege muri Afurika, ku rundi ruhande hakaba agahugu gato k’akadomo ariko kayobowe n’abategetsi bafite inyota idashira y’amafaranga,kongera kubyutsa umubano urimo indamu ntibigoye. Inyungu z’Ubufaransa bwa Macron n’iz’u Rwanda rwa Kagame byabaye mahwii. Ariko birengagije ihwa rikiri mu kirenge, ihwa rizababuza gukomezanya umunsi umwe: uruhare rw’Ubufaransa mu mateka ya jenocide yo mu Rwanda.
Ku ruhande rumwe, perezida Paul Kagame yashinjaga ubutegetsi bw’i Paris« kugira uruhare rutaziguye mu itegurwa rya jenoside ndetse no mu kuyikora ». Ni mu gihe, ku rundi ruhande ubucamanza bwo mu Bufaransa bwashinjaga Kagame na bamwe mu bategetsi bakuru bamwegereye kuba barahanuye indege ya perezida Juvénal Habyarimana, bikaba aribyo byakomye imbarutso y’iyo jenoside.
Ni muri uwo mwuka wa politike utoroshye, abakuru b’ibihugu byombi bashoboye guhumiriza ibyo byose mu gihe gito cyane: mu myaka 4 gusa bakozemo ibikorwa 4.
Igikorwa cya mbere cyakozwe na perezida w’Ubufaransa Macron,wemeye guha impano ya mbere u Rwanda,mu mwaka wa 2018 agira madamu Louise Mushikiwabo,wari minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga wa Paul Kagame, umunyamabanga mukuru w’Umuryango mpuzamahanga w’ibihugu bikoresha ururimi rw’igifaransa( La Francophonie).Uyu mwanzuro watangaje abantu bose kuko icyo gihe,ibi bihugu byombi Ubufaransa n’u Rwanda, nta mubano byari bigifitanye mu buryo bwemewe,buzwi. Muzi n’ikindi se? U Rwanda rwari rwaraciye ururimi rw’igifaransa,ururimi rwa Molière,rugisimbuza ururimi rw’icyongereza,ururimi rwa Shakespeare ndetse runinjira mu Muryango mpuzamahanga w’ibihugu bikoresha ururimi rw’icyongereza, ari wo Commonwealth.
Igikorwa cya kabiri nacyo ni Ubufaransa bwagikoze: umwanzuro wo kureka ibirego bwashinjaga abasirikare icyenda bakuru bahoze hafi ya Paul Kagame ibirego byo gutegeka ihanurwa ry’indege yahitanye perezida Juvénal Habyarimana mu kwezi kwa (4)Mata 1994. Nyuma y’iperereza ryamaze imyaka 20 yose,abatangabuhamya benshi bari bafite amakuru yafasha mu bushinjacyaha bagiye baburirwa irengero abandi bakicwa, i Paris ho babitse iyo dosiye, ubutazongera kuyibyutsa. Iyi dosiye yari yarateye uburakari bwinshi cyane Kagame n’abaregwa bose kandi ibabuza amahoro mu myaka 20 yose,yagize itya iba igiye ku ruhande,binezeza bitavugwa Kagame n’abo mu gatsiko kamwegereye cyane.
Igikorwa cya gatatu,cyabaye icyo guhindura umuvuno,guhindura imvugo,(le story telling) na disikuru politike yakwirakwizwaga mu itangazamakuru . Ubufaransa bwahoze bunenga bihoraho u Rwanda ku bikorwa byarwo byo guhonyora uburenganwira bw’ikiremwamuntu,maze Kagame atangira kuvugwaho ko ari umutegetsi w’igitangaza,ufite icyerekezo cyiza, wagaruye ituze mu Rwanda kandi waruteje imbere bitangaje.
Igikorwa cya kane,ari nacyo cya nyuma,ibihugu byombi byasohoye raporo zisa nk’intobo,raporo twakwita « impanga» (hari Rapport Duclert yakozwe n’abafaransa hakaba na Rapport Muse yakozwe n’u Rwanda) zombi zanenze imyitwarire y’Ubufaransa mu Rwanda rwo mu myaka ya za 90 ariko rukuraho icyaha n’icyasha Ubufaransa n’abari abayobozi babwo. Nguko uko,ba perezida Macron na Kagame bumvikanye bucece ukuntu basiga ibyahise inyuma yabo bakareka ibyo gucukumbura ukuri kose,maze bakubaka ubuzima bushya bwo gushakisha ifaranga,ububanyi n’amahanga bushya,no kureba uko bajya bacunga umutekano mu bihe biri imbere bafatanyije [12]. Ibyo byabaye byanditsweho cyane kandi abashakashatsi benshi n’abanyamakuru yewe ndetse n’abarokotse jenoside babivuzeho byinshi[13].
Nyuma y’iyo mihango yose,Emmanuel Macron yanyarukiye mu Rwanda mu kwezi kwa (5) Gicurasi 2021 kugira ngo bwa bwiyunge no kubyutsa umubano hagati y’Ubufaransa n’u Rwanda,bishyirwe ku mugaragaro,ndetse banasinyana amasezerano yo kuzaha u Rwanda inkunga izagera kuri miliyoni 500 z’amayero mu gihe cy’imyaka 4 amafaranga azafasha ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda muri byinshi[14]. Izo nkunga nizitangwa,zizahindura Ubufaransa igihugu kimwe mu bihugu 3 bitera inkunga u Rwanda mu bikorwa byayo by’iterambere mu gihe bwari buri ku mwanya wa 10 gusa.
Paul Kagame yongeye yariye. Mu gihe umubano we na Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika n’Ubwongereza ,ibihugu byahoze bimufata ku kibuno kuva mu ntangiriro,bimaze imyaka runaka byaramutaye,hanyuma nawe agatuma bihumira ku mirari ashimuta kandi akajugunya Paul Rusesabagina muri gereza,yitoraguriye Ubufaransa,umubyeyi mushya wa batisimu waje akenewe cyane kugira ngo akomeze ibikorwa bye.
ESE INGABO Z’U RWANDA ZABA ZARAHINDUTSE ABACANCURO BAKORESHWA N’UBUFARANSA ?
Ubufaransa bugomba guhaguruka bugapiganwa n’abarusiya bifuza kongera imbaraga zabo muri Afurika. Ni ipiganwa risa nk’aho ari iry’amacenga kuko kenshi na kenshi Kremlin yo yihisha inyuma y’umutwe w’abacancuro bayo b’abahanga cyane mu bya gisirikare witwa Wagner bagakora mu buryo busa nk’aho Uburusiya nk’igihugu butagaragara byemewe.
Abacancuro bibumbiye mu mutwe wa Wagner boherejwe ku mugabane wa Afurika nko muri Sudani, muri Centrafrika,muri Libiya, muri Madagascar, muri Mozambike ndetse vuba aha banoherejwe muri Mali. Ni amayeri akomeye azatuma perezida w’Uburusiya bwana Vladimir Poutine awukoresha icyo ashatse kandi ntawushobora kugira icyo amuryoza,nk’igihe unaniwe gukora akazi kawo,igihe wijanditse mu bikorwa bigize icyaha cyangwa mu gihe usahuye ibihugu,igihe mbese bigenze nabi;ariko bikazamuhesha ishema n’inyungu nyinshi mu gihe byose bigenze neza.
Biragaragara ko Emmanuel Macron ashobora kuba abona mugenzi we wo mu Burusiya yaramurushije ubwenge nuko nawe agashaka uko yamwigana. Yiyegereje Kagame,igisirikare cye,n’izindi nzego ze, perezida w’Ubufaransa akoresha bucancuro ingabo z’indwanyi kabuhariwe,zitinywa ariko ziteye agahinda kurusha izindi zose ku mugabane wa Afurika,ingabo z’u Rwanda. Ikimuhangayikishije cyane ariko,ni ukureba uko yagabanya urwango Ubufaransa bwanzwe kubera isura mbi busigaye bufite aho bugaragazwa nk’ubushaka kugarukana ubukoloni bushya. Ikindi kandi, ibikorwa bya gisirikare Ubufaransa bukoreshamo gicancuro abasirikare b’u Rwanda biramutse bitagenze neza, si we uzahura n’ingaruka z’ako kanya,ngo abazwe cyane cyane n’abaturage b’Ubufaransa bariye karungu bamubaza iby’abana babo b’abasirikare bagwa ku rugamba iyi bigwa kure y’igihugu cyabo. Ku ruhande rwa Paul Kagame we, icy’ingenzi ni uko Ubufaransa bumubyara muri batisimu,bukamurinda,dore ko bunafite ijambo ku isi,bukaba ari bumwe mu bihugu bibiri byakwitwa inkingi za mwamba z’Uburayi,kandi bukaba ari umunyamuryango uhoraho mu kanama gashinzwe amahoro ku isi.
Ikindi kuri Paris,abasirikare b’u Rwanda, ni indi karita nziza cyane Ubufaransa bwacanga mu gusaba ibindi bihugu bya Afurika bidatekanye gukoresha abacancuro babwo b’abanyarwanda aho gushyugumbwa bisaba umusada w’umutwe w’abacancuro w’abarusiya wa Wagner. Gukoresha abasirikare b’u Rwanda bucancuro byafasha abategetsi bo muri Afurika kurangaza abaturage babo kuko bababwira ko abanyarwanda ari igisubizo cyiza kuko ari abanyafurika nka bo.
Igihe u Rwanda rwabazwaga impamvu rwohereje abasirikare babwo kurwanira igihugu cya Mozambike, Paul Kagame yahise aboneraho kubeshya ko yabitewe « no gukunda Afurika » maze asubiza muri ya ntero ye agira ati : « Abanyafurika turashoboye kandi dushobora kwishakamo ibisubizo by’ibibazo byacu uko byaba bigoye kose.Nta cyagombye kutubuza guha abatuye Afurika yacu umutekano,iterambere,n’ubuzima bwiza. Niyo mpamvu u Rwanda rutajijinganyije,igihe rwitabazwaga ngo rufatanye n’ingabo za Mozambike kugarukana amahoro muri kano karere. »[15]
ABACANCURO BA WAGNER – ABACANCURO B’U RWANDA :IBISA BIRASABIRANA ?
Ubusanzwe kugereranya ingabo z’igihugu n’umutwe w’abacancuro bibonwa nk’ibidakwiriye. Nyamara ibi byo birasa ndetse ni bimwe neza neza. Iyo witegereje imikorere,intego,n’aho bahitamo kujya gukorera, uhita ubona ko burya ingabo z’u Rwanda zamaze kuba abacancuro neza neza nk’aba Wagner.
Iyo witegereje aho bari hose, usanga banyuranamo cyangwa bakorana gicancuro aho kenshi na kenshi ibikorwa byabo bihurira byose ku butaka bwa Afurika. Nko muri Centrafurika, aba bacancuro bombi bahuriye mu kiraka cyo kurinda ubutegetsi bwaho. Muri Mozambike, abacancuro bo mu mutwe wa Wagner nibo bahabanje nuko babererekera bagenzi babo bo mu mutwe w’ingabo z’u Rwanda nyuma yo kuhakorera hagati yo mu mwaka wa 2019 na 2021.Abacancuro bo mu Burusiya bari barahawe ikiraka na Mozambike cyo kwiga ukuntu ikibazo cy’abarwanyi bo mu mutwe ugendera ku matwara ya kiyisilamu bo mu ntara ya Cabo Delgado cyakemurwa burundu, ibintu bagerageje ariko bikarangira batabishoboye. Hanyuma,iyo mitwe yombi ya gicancuro ubu amaso yayo ari muri Mali.
Nyuma y’aho ingabo z’Ubufaransa zitangarije ko zigiye kuzinga akarago zikava muri Mali, abacancuro ba Wagner baba baratangiye kohereza ingabo zabo mu kiraka cyo muri Sahel. Ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda, umugaba mukuru w’igisirikare cy’u Rwanda,Jean-Bosco Kazura yasimbukiye i Bamako mu kwezi kwa (10) ukwakira 2020[16]. Aho i Bamako,yagiranye ibiganiro n’umugaba mukuru w’ingabo za Mali bwana Oumar Diarra ndetse na minisitiri w’ingabo z’igihugu bwana Sadio Camara.Uw’u Rwanda yabasabye ikiraka,abizeza ko nibakorana bazagarura umutekano bidatinze. Nk’uko bimeze muri Repubulika ya Centrafurika, perezidansi y’Ubufaransa yakwishimira ko Mali yemerera ikiraka abanyarwanda,kuko muri iki gihe umubano w’Ubufaransa n’agatsiko k’abasirikare bafashe ubutegetsi muri Mali umeze nabi cyane,impamvu akaba nta yindi ari ukubera ko Bamako na Moscou bibanye neza kandi Ubufaransa butabishaka.
Byaba muri Centrafurika,muri Mozambike cyangwa muri Sahel,mu by’ukuri byaba u Rwanda, byaba Wagner bose ntawe ufite inyungu nyazo cyangwa zihariye zasobanura impamvu bagiye kurwana mu bihugu by’abandi.Ukuri ni uko bose bakorera inyungu nyakuri z’ibihugu bya rutura byo biba byibereye mu mikino ya politike yo mu rwego rwo hejuru cyangwa byibereye mu bucuruzi buhambaye.
Ikindi kandi, Wagner n’u Rwanda byombi bisangiye uburyo bihembeshamo, uburyo bwenda gusa. Ikiranga ibihugu aba bacancuro bombi bajya kurwaniramo,ni uko ibyo bihugu byose biba bifite ibirombe bicukurwamo amabuye y’agaciro urugero nka zahabu nyinshi.Ukuri kuzwi ni uko, Wagner n’u Rwanda byombi bibanza gusinyana amasezerano yo gucukura ayo mabuye y’agaciro kugira ngo abe ari byo biba umushahara wabyo mu buryo butaziguye.
NINDE UZISHYURA IBIKORESHWA MU MIRIMO YA GISIRIKARE MURI MOZAMBIKE?
Ubusanzwe icyo igisirikare cy’igihugu kirusha abacancuro ni uko bo baba bahembwa na Leta izwi. Ibikorwa ingabo z’u Rwanda zikora muri Mozambike bibarirwa ikiguzi cy’akayabo ka miliyoni 20 z’amadolari buri kwezi[17] kandi leta y’u Rwanda uko bigaragara nta bushobozi yabona bwo kwishyura ibyo byose mu gihe kirekire.
Mu by’ukuri, n’ubwo ibinyamakuru byamamaza isura nziza y’u Rwanda,ruracyari igihugu gikennye ndetse u Rwanda ruri mu bihugu 25 ku isi bikennye kurusha ibindi byose, aho rubarirwa mu bipimo bya PIB ku mwanya wa 149 ku rutonde rw’ibihugu bikennye ku isi [18], rukaba rukennye ndetse ruri inyuma y’ibihugu ka Sudani y’Epfo na Hayiti.
Paris rero ubu irakora uko ishoboye kose ngo ishakire inkunga zo kugoboka igihugu gishya yaronse izajya ikoresha,akaba ari muri urwo rwego Bwana Emmanuel Macron ahanze amaso ibihugu by’i Burayi yasabiyemo u Rwanda inkunga. Ikinyamakuru African Intelligence[19] cyahishuye ko Paris yaba yarasabiye u Rwanda inkunga ibihugu byinshi byo mu Burayi inkunga izakoreshwa n’u Rwanda muri Mozambike zikazanyuzwa mu cyiswe urwego rwo gufasha ibikorwa by’Uburayi bishinzwe amahoro.Ni ikigega kirimo agatubutse kuko kirimo miliyari 5 z’amayero agomba gukoreshwa mu myaka 7 agakoreshywa mu bikorwa byo kugarura amahoro no gushyigikira ingabo zikoreshwa n’abanyaburayi. Ubu,umuryango w’ibihugu by’Uburayi bwunze ubumwe watangiye kwiga kuva mu kwezi kwa (9) nzeri 2021 ukuntu aya mafaranga azagezwa mu buryo butaziguye ku ngabo z’u Rwanda.
Amagambo aherutse kuvugwa n’umugaba mukuru w’ingabo z’Ubufaransa zirwanira mu mazi bwana Hervé Bléjean, igihe yatangizaga ku mugaragaro uwo mushinga wo gutera inkunga, yashimiye igihugu cye akazi katoroshye cyakoze muri dipolomasi ko kwemeza ibihugu bisangiye uyu muryango w’ibihugu by’i Burayi kuzemera gusohora ayo mafaranga agahabwa u Rwanda,igihugu cy’incuti.N’ubwo ari uko bimeze ariko,nyuma y’amezi hafi 6 y’ibiganiro mpaka hagati mu bihugu byo ku mugabane w’i Burayi bihuriye mu Muryango wa Union Européenne,ibihugu byose ntibiremeranya kuri iyo dosiye. Ibihugu bimwe biracyashidikanya urwego bizatangamo ayo mafaranga,byo bibona ko ari menshi cyane,ibindi bikaba bibona bidakwiye.
Ya sosiyete ikomeye cyane y’abafaransa, TotalEnergies yo yamaze kwikora ku mufuka. Patrick Pouyané,umuyobozi mukuru (PDG) wa « supermajor »y’abafaransa yanyuze i Kigali tariki 30 z’ukwezi kwa (1) mutarama 2022, mbere yo kujya muri Mozambike. Nanone ikinyamakuru African Intelligence[20],cyavuze ko uwo muyobozi ukomeye w’iyo sosiyeti yifuzaga kubanza kumenya niba u Rwanda rwariyemeje koko kuzaguma muri Mozambike igihe kinini gishoboka cyose. Iyo kampuni yifuza kongera gusubukura imirimo yayo yo gucukura gaz mu birombe bya Cabo Delgado muri uyu mwaka wa 2022. Mu rwego rwo gushimira perezida Kagame bwana Patrick Pouyané yasinyanye amasezerano y’imikoranire na leta y’u Rwanda ku bucuruzi bw’ingufu no kugemura ingufu za gaz mu Rwanda, kandi atangaza ko azafungura ishami rya sosiyete ye rikazagira ibiro bihoraho i Kigali.
KUGIRA KAGAME INCUTI KWA MACRON, NI UGUSUZUGUZA CYANE UBUFARANSA
Ikosa rikomeye cyane uyu Emmanuel Macron ari gukora agirana ubufatanye na Paul Kagame ni iryo kwibeshya ko gukorana nawe bizamufasha kongera kugira ijambo muri Afurika igenda icika buhoro buhoro ku Bufaransa. Nibyo,wenda koko gukoresha Kagame nk’igikoresho cyo kukurindira imari n’ubucuruzi bishobora kugira icyo bigeraho mu gihe gito,ariko ntibizaramba,kuko gufatanya na we bizangiza burundu isura y’Ubufaransa kandi bizahishura amaherezo imigambi mibisha y’aba bombi.Perezida Macron ashobora we ubwe ku giti cye kuhungukira akayabo,ariko ari guta Ubufaransa bw’ejo hazaza mu rwabayanga.
Ubufaransa buba bwibeshya iyo butekereza ko guhanganira muri Afurika n’Ubushinwa,Turukiya cyangwa n’Uburusiya,bugomba gukoresha intwaro nk’iyo ibyo bihugu bahanganye na byo bikoresha. Itandukaniro ni uko abaturage basanzwe bo muri Afurika bo bifuza kugira « ibihugu bigendera ku kubahiriza uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu »,ibyo abo bandi badakozwa. Ubufaransa bwigeze kuryoha muri Afurika kandi burakundwa karahava igihe bwashyiraga imbere inyungu z’abaturage bo muri Afurika, ku buryo kubana nabo byari bya bindi by’ “umubano wa mpa-nguhe” aho abaturage babyungukiragamo n’Ubufaransa bukahungukira.
Muri iki gihe, ubutegetsi bwa bwana Macron bwashwanyaguje ubucuti bwahoze bufitanye n’ibihugu byari incuti z’akadasohoka z’Ubufaransa kuva mu mateka ya kera kugeza vuba aha,twavuga nka Alijeriya,Mali, Guineya, Burkina Faso, n’ibindi…. Abanyapolitike n’abanyamakuru b’ubu bo mu Bufaransa bari kugwa mu kantu kandi bagatungurwa no kubona ukuntu ibyo bihugu birambiwe kubana na Paris.
Nyamara ariko, ntibyagombye kubatangaza,uti kuki? None se ni ubuhe butumwa perezida Macron aba ahaye abanyagitugu bandi bo muri Afurika iyo aramburiye tapi itukura(tapis rouge) akakira mu byubahiro umunyagitugu wundi umaze imyaka isaga 20 ku butegetsi akaba ayimaze yose atuka, yandagaza Ubufaransa,abushinja kuba intandaro y’ibibazo byose,kandi asuzugura bikabije abaperezida bose b’Ubufaransa uko bagiye bakurikirana ?
Urebye politike mpuzamahanga kuri Afurika uyu Macron yakoze, ushobora kuvuga nta kwibeshya ko hari ubushake bwinshi yagaragaje,ariko buvanzemo ugufunga umutwe gukabije,ubwirasi,akajagari no kwiheba byateye ibibazo bitagira ingano. Macron yashatse kwerekana ko ashaka kuvugurura imikorere ariko Afurika yo yatahuyemo uburyo ashaka bwo kuyigarurira bundi bushya kugira ngo agere ku nyungu ze bwite.
Igitangaza Emmanuel Macron uzwiho politike yo « kugerageza ibintu byose icyarimwe » ari kubigerageza koko no muri Afurika.Perezida w’Ubufaransa azwiho kutagira ibitekerezo bihamye hamwe (mu mvugo y’ikigereranyo twavuga ko nta ruti rw’umugongo agira),no kugira akajagari muri dipolomasi. Nawe se,ku ruhande rumwe yamagana igihugu cya Kameruni kuba ngo « kitubahiriza uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu mu buryo butakwihanganirwa », agashyiraho ikigega giteza imbere imiyoborere myiza igendera kuri demukarasi muri Afurika kandi akamagana uguhirika ubutegetsi «coup d’état » byakozwe n’abo yita agatsiko k’abasirikare kishyize ku butegetsi muri Mali. Ariko kandi, ku rundi ruhande, akajya mu gihugu cya Tchad guha umugisha ubutegetsi bushingiye ku cyenewabo,ku muryango umwe, akongera akagurisha intwaro ubutegetsi bwo mu Misiri(Egypte) bwica kandi bukabuza amahwemo abaturage babwo, bigahumira ku mirari burundu agirana ubufatanye mu bya gisirikare na perezida Kagame ushinjwa ibyaha by’agahomamunwa ingabo ze zakoreye muri Repubulika iharanira demukarasi ya Congo mu gihe cy’imyaka 25 ishize.
Emmanuel Macron yashatse gukinira politike abahanga bita realpolitik (kumvikana na buri wese uko ari mu rwego rw’ububanyi n’amahanga) ariko iyi politike yo mu rwego rwo hejuru mu bubanyi n’amahanga ubusanzwe ni umukino wo gushyira mu gaciro,ntugomba gukinwa ahantu hose,igihe cyose, cyangwa ngo uyihatirize aho bidakunda,kuko iyo ikinwe nabi ibyo wari witeze biba ibindi bindi, ukisanga n’ubundi uho watangiriye ukumirwa.Perezida Macron ashaka kwerekana ko agenda atsinda igitego kimwe kimwe, akabona kujya ku kindi, ariko ntareba kure, ntafata ibintu biba mu rwego rw’isi yose ngo abihuze neza n’ibyo igihugu cye gikeneye mu myaka myinshi iri imbere.
UKWIVUGURUZA GUTANGAJE K’UMURYANGO W’IBIHUGU BY’UBURAYI KU KIBAZO CY’IYUBAHIRIZWA RY’UBURENGANZIRA BW’IKIREMWAMUNTU
Kubera Ubufaransa hamwe n’undi mugabo umaze imyaka myinshi ashyigikira Kagame, Charles Michel perezida w’inama nkuru iyobora Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Uburayi,Uburayi nabwo bushobora kugwa mu mutego w’Ubufaransa nuramuka uhisemo gutera inkunga y’amafaranga n’iya dipolomasi igisirikare gikora bucancuro cy’u Rwanda. Ubutegetsi bw’igitugu bwa Paul Kagame bugibwaho impaka cyane. Hari bamwe babusingiza bavuga ko ngo bwatumbagije cyane ubukungu bw’igihugu,ariko abandi benshi bakabwamaganira kure babuziza ukuntu bwica bikabije iyubahirizwa ry’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu.Kuri iki kibazo rero cyo gusohora amafaranga kw’abanyaburayi yo gushyigikira ibikorwa by’igisirikare cy’u Rwanda, amajwi menshi ni ayamagana uku kwivuguruza gukomeye kw’inzego nkuru z’uburayi hamwe no kwinyuraguramo mu magambo y’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’uburayi ku kibazo cy’u Rwanda.
Muribuka ko,ku ruhande rumwe inteko ishinga amategeko y’uburayi yasabye komisiyo yayo, mu mwanzuro wo mu kwakira 2021 ku kibazo cya Paul Rusesabagina, ko «yakongera gusuzumana ubwitonzi ibyo guha inkunga y’amafaranga y’Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Uburayi guverinoma y’u Rwanda hamwe n’inzego zindi za Leta y’u Rwanda kugira ngo bizere neza ko uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu bwubahirizwa mu buryo bwuzuye ».
Ku rundi ruhande ariko, iyo Komisiyo iri gusuzugura iyo myanzuro kuko iteganya guha inkunga y’akayabo k’amafaranga ingabo z’u Rwanda zikora bucancuro ibinyujije muri rwa rwego rw’uburayi rushinzwe amahoro,ruyoborwa na Komisiyo. Ubu tuvugana, Paul Rusesabagina,intwari izwi muri film Hôtel Rwanda, aracyari kubabarizwa muri gereza mbi cyane yo mu Rwanda, umuryango we ukaba ugitegereje ko abayobozi b’Uburayi bagira ibikorwa bifatika babikoraho. Uko biri kose,hari ukuvuguruzanya gukabije hagati y’imyanzuro y’inteko ishinga amategeko n’ibyo Komisiyo ishaka gukora.
U Rwanda rwashyize umukono ku masezerano y’i Cotonou, avuga yeruye ko ukubahiriza uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu ari ikintu cya mbere gishingirwaho mu mubano w’ibihugu bya Afurika n’Umuryango w’Uburayi bwunze ubumwe.Ayo masezerano avuga ko iyubahirizwa ry’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu no gushyiraho Leta zigendera ku mategeko ari byo bya mbere bishingirwaho muri gahunda zose zihuza Umuryango w’ibihugu by’i Burayi n’ibihugu byasinye ayo masezerano,birimo n’u Rwanda.Nyamara, urebye imyanzuro[21] y’imiryango yose ibihugu bihuriyeho ndetse n’imiryango itegamiye kuri za leta yasuzumye ukuntu u Rwanda ruhonyora uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu, birigaragaza ko mu Rwanda ukwica uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu bikabije cyane,ndetse ari ibyo kwamaganwa.Hari ukudahuza rwose hagati y’ibyashyizweho imikono bigena uko imikoranire hagati y’inzego ziyobora Uburayi n’ibihugu bya Afurika igomba gukorwa.
Hanyuma, muri raporo iheruka y’Urwego rw’Uburayi rushinzwe ibikorwa byo hanze y’umugabane (EEAS) yakoze ku Rwanda mu kwezi kwa (6) Kamena 2021, urwego rw’Uburayi rugaragaza ko rwemera ko guverinoma y’u Rwanda « ikomeje gushinjwa ibikorwa bikomeye cyane byica uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu – nko gukoresha buri gihe ingufu z’umurengera ku baturage babo, kwicira abantu muri za gereza,kwica abantu benshi batagejejwe imbere y’ubutabera no gushimuta abantu bakaburirwa irengero. » Ibyo bikorwa byose by’agahomamunwa byakozwe n’inzego zitwa ko zishinjwe umutekano, nka polisi n’abasirikare, za nzego iyo Komisiyo iyobora Uburayi ishaka guha inkunga y’akayabo k’amafaranga. Murabona nanone ko hari ukwivuguruza gutangaje hagati y’ibyo iyo Komisiyo ubwayo ishaka gukora n’ibyo yo ubwayo itangaza yamagana u Rwanda.
Uko kwinyuraguramo muri rusange kwerekana ko bagira indimi ebyiri,kandi ibyo bihora byamaganirwa i Buruseli. Ikindi kandi,amajwi akomeje kuzamuka yamagana iyi politike y’abanyaburayi isigaye igendera gusa ku nyungu ititaye ku kababaro k’abaturage,yewe ndetse ntibanite ku ndangagaciro Uburayi buhora bugenderaho kandi bukomeyeho cyane.
UBURAYI BUKWIRIYE KUVANA AMASOMO MU GIHE GISHIZE BUKIRINDA AMAKOSA AKOMEYE UBUFARANSA BWAKOZE MURI AFURIKA
Uburayi bushobora kuzamaganwa kubera gushaka gushyigikira politike za Macron zo gukorana ubucancuro na Kagame muri Afurika.Niba koko guhashya iterabwoba n’ibitero by’ibyihebe bigendera ku matwara akaze ya kiyisilamu ari ngombwa,uburyo bwo kubikoramo ni ubwo kwitondera. Gukoresha bucancuro ikindi gihugu nk’u Rwanda ntibizacyemura ikibazo.Ubu nta wuyobewe ko abacancuro bo mu mutwe wa Wagner bakorera Kremlin(Uburusiya) muri Afurika.Ni kimwe nuko nta n’umwe uyobewe ko abasirikare b’u Rwanda ahanini bakorera ubucancuro Elysée(Ubufaransa)muri Afurika.
Ni ngombwa ko uburayi bukura amasomo ku bintu byabaye muri iyi myaka ya vuba aha muri Afurika y’iburengerazuba byo gutembagaza ubutegetsi kw’abasirikare(coup d‘Etat). Ibintu bibiri birakomeye cyane cyane iyo ubihuje n’u Rwanda: icya mbere,bihishura umwuka ukomeye wateye mu baturage no mu rubyiruko rw’abanyafurika wo gukanguka bakaba bageze igihe cyo kwifuza Leta zubahiriza amategeko,demukarasi n’ukwishyira ukizana.Icya kabiri,bigaragaza ukuntu Ubufaransa bwatengushye abanyafurika bukaba busigaye bugira indimi ebyiri kandi bwishakira gusa inyungu zabwo butitaye ku neza n’inyungu z’abaturage basanzwe bo muri Afurika.
N’ubwo ubutegetsi bwo mu Rwanda bufite itandukaniro mu mikorere ugereranyije n’ibihugu byo mu burengerazuba bwa Afurika ,ariko ibyifuzo n’ibyiyumvo by’abaturage birasa.Gutera inkunga ubutegetsi bwo mu Rwanda ntacyo witayeho nta kindi bizatanga uretse gusa guhamya ko politike zidafashije z’abanyaburayi no gusuzugura ibyifuzo by’abaturage bo muri Afurika zigamije gusa gukomeza ubukoloni bushya ku mugabane.
Niba umuryango wunze ubumwe w’i Burayi udahinduye ibi byo gukorana n’ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda mu bucancuro bushya bwa gisirikare, umenye ko noneho ubutaha atari amabendera y’Ubufaransa gusa azaba ari kugurumana nk’uko bimeze ubu muri Afurika y’iburengerazuba,ahubwo noneho azaba ari amabendera y’ibihugu by’i Burayi.
[1] https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/webstreaming/subcommittee-on-security-and-defence_20220126-1345-COMMITTEE-SEDE
[2] https://www.france24.com/fr/%C3%A9co-tech/20210426-mozambique-total-suspend-son-projet-gazier-pour-cause-de-force-majeure
[3] https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/troop-and-police-contributors
[4] https://cddmoz.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Is-France-using-development-aid-to-finance-the-intervention-of-Rwandan-troops-in-Mozambique.pdf
[5] https://information.tv5monde.com/afrique/centrafrique-le-gouvernement-annonce-que-le-rwanda-et-la-russie-ont-envoye-des-soldats
[6] https://www.africaintelligence.fr/afrique-ouest-et-centrale_diplomatie/2021/04/07/paul-kagame-business-angel-de-touadera,109655531-eve
[7] https://www.africaintelligence.fr/afrique-ouest-et-centrale_diplomatie/2021/04/07/paul-kagame-business-angel-de-Touadéra,109655531-eve
[8] https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2021/12/14/exactions-et-predations-la-methode-de-la-milice-wagner-en-afrique_6105992_3212.html
[9] https://peacekeeping.un.org/fr/mission/minusca
[10] https://nemrod-ecds.com/?p=2948
[11] https://www.africaintelligence.fr/afrique-ouest-et-centrale_diplomatie/2022/01/03/les-soldats-rwandais-vont-ils-encadrer-les-contingents-formes-par-la-mission-militaire-de-l-ue,109713690-art
[12] http://www.echosdafrique.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Rapport-Duclert-_-Une-analyse-et-des-conclusions-discutables.pdf
[13] https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1160161/politique/analyse-role-de-la-france-au-rwanda-la-realpolitik-au-detriment-de-lhistoire/
[14] https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1179992/economie/macron-au-rwanda-la-france-va-debloquer-plus-de-350-millions-deuros/
[15] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VXX6B_4uffc
[16] https://www.africaintelligence.fr/afrique-est-et-australe_diplomatie/2021/12/10/comment-kigali-exporte-son-savoir-faire-militaire-sur-le-continent,109709922-ar2
[17] https://www.africaintelligence.fr/petrole-et-gaz_exploration-production/2022/01/24/cabo-delgado–le-yalta-diplomatico-petrolier-de-patrick-pouyanne-et-paul-kagame,109718057-art
[18] https://tinyurl.com/49cmr9me
[19] https://www.africaintelligence.fr/afrique-est-et-australe_diplomatie/2021/11/08/l-union-europeenne-va-t-elle-financer-le-deploiement-des-soldats-rwandais,109702788-art
[20] https://www.africaintelligence.com/oil–gas_exploration-production/2022/01/24/pouyanne-and-kagame-s-diplomatic-dance-to-restart-cabo-delgado-lng,109718558-eve
[21] UPR Review 2021, HRW report 2022, Freedom House report 2021, RSF report 2021, US state dept. Human Rights report 2021, American Bar Association – Center of Human rights report 2021…
source: inkuru ya www.jambonews.net mu gifaransa yashyizwe mu kinyarwanda na Afriquela1ère.com/rw
I just like the helpful info you supply on your articles. I will bookmark your weblog and take a look at once more here regularly. I am slightly sure I will be informed many new stuff proper here! Best of luck for the next!
Very good written information. It will be supportive to anybody who utilizes it, including me. Keep doing what you are doing – i will definitely read more posts.
Hi xn--afriquela1re-6db.com webmaster, Your posts are always well organized and easy to understand.
Hello xn--afriquela1re-6db.com admin, You always provide great resources and references.
Hello xn--afriquela1re-6db.com administrator, Your posts are always on topic and relevant.
Dear xn--afriquela1re-6db.com administrator, Your posts are always well-supported by facts and figures.
Hello xn--afriquela1re-6db.com owner, You always provide great examples and real-world applications.
Hi xn--afriquela1re-6db.com administrator, Thanks for the well-organized and comprehensive post!
Hello xn--afriquela1re-6db.com owner, Thanks for the well-written and informative post!
Hello xn--afriquela1re-6db.com admin, Thanks for the well-organized and comprehensive post!
To the xn--afriquela1re-6db.com owner, Your posts are always well-supported by facts and figures.
Dear xn--afriquela1re-6db.com admin, Your posts are always well-referenced and credible.
Hello xn--afriquela1re-6db.com owner, Your posts are always a great source of knowledge.
Dear xn--afriquela1re-6db.com administrator, Your posts are always well researched and well written.
To the xn--afriquela1re-6db.com owner, Your posts are always well-received by the community.
Hi xn--afriquela1re-6db.com owner, Thanks for the comprehensive post!
Hello xn--afriquela1re-6db.com admin, You always provide great examples and real-world applications, thank you for your valuable contributions.
Hi xn--afriquela1re-6db.com owner, You always provide clear explanations and step-by-step instructions.
To the xn--afriquela1re-6db.com owner, Keep it up!
Hi xn--afriquela1re-6db.com admin, Your posts are always well-cited and reliable.
Dear xn--afriquela1re-6db.com admin, You always provide valuable information.
To the xn--afriquela1re-6db.com owner, Your posts are always a great read.
Dear xn--afriquela1re-6db.com administrator, Your posts are always well researched and well written.
Hello xn--afriquela1re-6db.com administrator, You always provide useful tips and best practices.
To the xn--afriquela1re-6db.com administrator, Thanks for the informative post!
Hello xn--afriquela1re-6db.com admin, Your posts are always well-written and engaging.
Dear xn--afriquela1re-6db.com administrator, Your posts are always well thought out.
Dear xn--afriquela1re-6db.com admin, Your posts are always well researched and well written.
Hi xn--afriquela1re-6db.com owner, Your posts are always a great source of knowledge.
Hi xn--afriquela1re-6db.com administrator, Thanks for the well-researched and well-written post!
To the xn--afriquela1re-6db.com owner, You always provide useful tips and best practices.
Dear xn--afriquela1re-6db.com owner, Your posts are always well thought out.
Dear xn--afriquela1re-6db.com owner, Your posts are always well researched and well written.
Dear xn--afriquela1re-6db.com webmaster, Your posts are always well-received by the community.
Hi xn--afriquela1re-6db.com admin, Your posts are always well-formatted and easy to read.
To the xn--afriquela1re-6db.com administrator, Your posts are always well-supported by facts and figures.
To the xn--afriquela1re-6db.com administrator, Your posts are always informative and well-explained.
To the xn--afriquela1re-6db.com admin, Your posts are always a great source of information.
Hello xn--afriquela1re-6db.com owner, Your posts are always informative and well-explained.
To the xn--afriquela1re-6db.com administrator, Your posts are always well written and informative.
Dear xn--afriquela1re-6db.com administrator, Thanks for the well-researched and well-written post!
To the xn--afriquela1re-6db.com administrator, Your posts are always well-written and easy to understand.
Excellent blog you have here but I was wondering if you knew of any community forums that cover the same topics talked about here? I’d really love to be a part of online community where I can get suggestions from other experienced individuals that share the same interest. If you have any recommendations, please let me know. Thanks a lot!
Very informative blog post.Much thanks again. Awesome.
Appreciate you sharing, great blog post.Much thanks again. Fantastic.
Hello xn--afriquela1re-6db.com owner, Your posts are always well-written and easy to understand.
Aw, this was an exceptionally good post. Finding the time and actual effort to create a superb articleÖ but what can I sayÖ I procrastinate a whole lot and never manage to get nearly anything done.
I needed to thank you for this very good read!! I definitely loved every bit of it. I have you saved as a favorite to check out new stuff you postÖ
Hello, just wanted to say, I loved this blog post. It was funny.Keep on posting!
Really enjoyed this blog article.Thanks Again. Keep writing.
Appreciate you sharing, great article.Much thanks again. Much obliged.
I think this is a real great blog post. Cool.
Thank you for the good writeup. It in fact was once aentertainment account it. Glance complex to more introduced agreeable from you!However, how could we communicate?
Right now it seems like Movable Type is the preferred blogging platform out there right now.(from what I’ve read) Is that what you’re using on your blog?
Thanks a lot for the blog post. Cool.
A big thank you for your blog post.Thanks Again. Really Great.
Really informative post.
That is a very good tip particularly to those fresh to the blogosphere.Brief but very precise info… Appreciate your sharing this one.A must read post!
hi!,I love your writing so so much! proportion wecommunicate extra approximately your article on AOL?I require an expert on this house to solve my problem.Maybe that’s you! Looking ahead to peer you.
Appreciate you sharing, great article post.Much thanks again. Awesome.
A motivating discussion is definitely worth comment. I believe that you should publish more about this subject, it might not be a taboo subject but usually people don’t speak about these topics. To the next! All the best!!
What’s Going down i am new to this, I stumbled upon this I have discovered It absolutely useful and it has aided me out loads.I am hoping to give a contribution & assist different customers like its helped me.Good job.
starling bank reviews uk of America uses a fewvarious pricing rates.
wow, awesome article. Awesome.
Of course, what a splendid blog and educative posts, I will bookmark your blog.Best Regards!
Hi there! I simply want to offer you a big thumbs up for your excellent info you have got here on this post. I’ll be coming back to your blog for more soon.
Fantastic beat ! I would like to apprentice even as you
amend your web site, how could i subscribe for a weblog
website? The account helped me a acceptable deal. I had been tiny bit acquainted of this your broadcast offered vibrant transparent
idea
Thank you, I have just been looking for information about this topic for ages and yoursis the best I’ve found out till now. But, what concerning thebottom line? Are you positive concerning the source?
Muchos Gracias for your post.Really looking forward to read more.
My family members always say that I am wasting my time here at net, however Iknow I am getting experience every day by reading thes fastidiousarticles or reviews.
Well I sincerely enjoyed studying it. This post provided by you is very helpful for correct planning.
Very neat article.Really looking forward to read more. Great.
Thanks again for the blog post.Really looking forward to read more. Awesome.
Very good blog article.
Thanks-a-mundo for the article post.Thanks Again. Awesome.
I really like and appreciate your blog.Thanks Again. Awesome.
Appreciate you sharing, great blog article.Thanks Again. Really Great.
Thank you ever so for you blog. Want more.
Hey, thanks for the blog article.Much thanks again. Want more.
Awesome blog post.Much thanks again. Awesome.
This is one awesome blog post.Really looking forward to read more. Awesome.
I really like and appreciate your post.Really thank you! Much obliged.
Actually worthwhile write-up. Pay consideration
Im grateful for the article post.Much thanks again.
Hi terrific blog! Does running a blog such as this take a large amount of work?
I have no understanding of computer programming but I
had been hoping to start my own blog in the near future.
Anyway, if you have any ideas or tips for new blog owners please share.
I understand this is off subject but I just needed to ask.
Thanks a lot!
It’s really a great and useful piece of information.I’m satisfied that you shared this useful info with us.Please stay us up to date like this. Thank you for sharing.
Fantastic article post.
Thanks for the blog article.Really thank you! Will read on…
It’s very straightforward to find out any topic on web as compared to books, as I
found this paragraph at this web page.
Enjoyed every bit of your article post.Thanks Again. Much obliged.
There is definately a lot to learn about this topic. I love all of the points you have made.
Thank you for sharing your thoughts. I really appreciate your
efforts and I am waiting for your further post
thanks once again.
If you are interested in trying to use massage to manage your blood stress, ask your healthcare provider first.
Thank you ever so for you blog post. Will read on…
Awesome blog post.Really thank you! Really Great.
Thanks for sharing, this is a fantastic blog.Really looking forward to read more. Much obliged.
Hi there, i read your blog from time to time and i own a similar one and i was just wondering
if you get a lot of spam feedback? If so how do you prevent it,
any plugin or anything you can suggest? I get so much lately
it’s driving me mad so any help is very much appreciated.
Thanks for the blog article. Keep writing.
Major thankies for the blog post.Really thank you! Cool.
Thanks-a-mundo for the post.Thanks Again.
Thanks a lot for the blog article.Really thank you!
A round of applause for your post.Thanks Again. Really Great.
Simply want to say your article is as astonishing.
The clearness in your submit is just excellent and that i can assume you are knowledgeable in this subject.
Well together with your permission allow me to clutch your feed to
stay updated with imminent post. Thank you 1,000,000 and please continue the rewarding work.
A round of applause for your article.Really looking forward to read more. Great.
I really liked your blog post.Thanks Again. Cool.
Great blog article.Really thank you! Awesome.
Way cool! Some very valid points! I appreciate you writing this article and the rest of the website is really good.
22Bet Casino also offers its players with a wide variety of interesting and transparent bonuses.
A fascinating discussion is definitely worth comment. I do think that you ought to write more about this issue, it may not be a taboo matter but generally people do not talk about such topics. To the next! All the best!!
I visited various web pages but the audio quality for audio songs
existing at this web page is really wonderful.
I’m curious to find out what blog system you’re working with?
I’m experiencing some small security issues with my latest website and I would like to find something
more safe. Do you have any solutions?
May I just say what a relief to uncover somebody who really understands what they are talking about online.
You certainly understand how to bring an issue to light and make it important.
More people really need to read this and understand this side of your story.
I was surprised you are not more popular since you surely have the gift.
Hey superb website! Does running a blog such as this take a lot of work?
I have no expertise in computer programming however I had been hoping to start my own blog in the near future.
Anyhow, if you have any suggestions or techniques for
new blog owners please share. I know this is off topic but I just needed to ask.
Thanks a lot!
You’re so awesome! I do not believe I’ve truly read a single thing
like this before. So good to find another person with genuine
thoughts on this topic. Seriously.. thanks for starting this up.
This website is one thing that’s needed on the internet, someone with some originality!
I loved your post.Thanks Again.
treatments for ed: ed pills for sale – best ed pill
I think this is a real great article.Really looking forward to read more. Keep writing.
Muchos Gracias for your article.Thanks Again. Awesome.
May I request that you elaborate on that? Your posts have been extremely helpful to me. Thank you!
I wanted to thank you for this wonderful read!! I absolutely enjoyed every bit of it. I’ve got you book-marked to look at new things you post…
May I simply say what a relief to uncover someone that actually understands what they are discussing over the internet. You actually know how to bring a problem to light and make it important. A lot more people need to look at this and understand this side of the story. I was surprised you are not more popular since you surely possess the gift.
Great article.Much thanks again. Awesome.
Major thanks for the blog post.Really thank you!
The government adopted this move to increase the gambling economy
and tourism in South Korea though guarding the citizens from its ill effects.
I am really happy to read this blog posts which includes lots of useful information,thanks for providing these kinds of information.
Hmm is anyone else encountering problems with the pictures on this blog loading?I’m trying to figure out if its a problem on my end or if it’sthe blog. Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated.
Amazing! This blog looks just like my old one! It’s on a entirely different topic but it has pretty much the same layout and design. Outstanding choice of colors!
I was able to find good advice from your blog articles.
Great blog article.Really looking forward to read more. Want more.
A round of applause for your post.Really thank you! Will read on…
Major thanks for the post.Really looking forward to read more. Fantastic.
Say, you got a nice blog post.Much thanks again. Cool.
Very neat article.Really thank you! Want more.
I loved your blog. Want more.
Fantastic blog article.Really looking forward to read more. Great.
Hello xn--afriquela1re-6db.com administrator, Your posts are always well-written and easy to understand.
Hello xn--afriquela1re-6db.com webmaster, Keep sharing your knowledge!
lisinopril 80
Hey! I’m at work surfing around your blog from my new iphone!Just wanted to say I love reading your blog and lookforward to all your posts! Keep up the excellent work!
salinas apartment for rent Alex Lyubinsky ICO Scammer SCAM ICO
amlodipine amlodipine olmesartan warnings for amlodipine
Fantastic info. Thanks!college essay idea essay typer professional business letter writing services
Hello! I simply would like to offer you a big thumbs up for the great information you’ve got here on this post. I will be coming back to your blog for more soon.
Impressive how pleasurable it is to read this blog.
slot games free online slots slots for real money
Golchin hayedeh antenmusic .com/artist/hayedeh/
finasteride coupon – topical finasteride reddit propecia shedding
To the xn--afriquela1re-6db.com administrator, Thanks for the well-researched and well-written post!
Great, thanks for sharing this blog post.Really looking forward to read more. Great.
Wow, great article.Much thanks again. Really Great.
Great, thanks for sharing this article.Thanks Again. Want more.
generic vardenafil india – vardenafil generic vardenafil generic date
Hi xn--afriquela1re-6db.com admin, Your posts are always well-written and easy to understand.
Appreciate you sharing, great blog article. Great.
Really informative article.Really looking forward to read more. Fantastic.
Thanks a lot for the blog article.Thanks Again. Really Cool.
Hi xn--afriquela1re-6db.com administrator, You always provide great examples and real-world applications.
Thanks a lot for the article post.Much thanks again. Really Great.
Really enjoyed this article.Really thank you! Will read on…
Looking forward to reading more. Great article.Much thanks again. Cool.
Looking forward to reading more. Great blog post.Much thanks again. Cool.
I loved your post.Really looking forward to read more. Cool.
Great article.Really looking forward to read more.
Thanks so much for the article.Thanks Again. Will read on…
Thanks again for the article post. Fantastic.
I really liked your blog.Really thank you!
Thanks a lot for the blog post.Really thank you! Want more.
Really informative article.Really looking forward to read more. Fantastic.
Really enjoyed this blog article. Want more.
Thanks-a-mundo for the blog article.Really thank you! Really Cool.
I really like and appreciate your post.Thanks Again. Much obliged.
Really enjoyed this blog article.Much thanks again. Will read on…
Thanks again for the article.Much thanks again. Great.
Oh my goodness! Amazing article dude! Thank you, However I am having difficulties with your RSS. I don’t understand the reason why I am unable to join it. Is there anybody else getting the same RSS problems? Anyone who knows the answer will you kindly respond? Thanx!!
Fantastic article post. Really Cool.
I really enjoy the post.Thanks Again. Much obliged.
Im obliged for the blog.Thanks Again. Want more.
Hey, thanks for the article.Really thank you! Cool.
A big thank you for your blog post.Thanks Again. Want more.
Thanks so much for the blog article.Much thanks again. Want more.
After I originally commented I appear to have clicked the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and now whenever a comment is added I get 4 emails with the same comment. Perhaps there is a means you are able to remove me from that service? Thanks!
Good article! We are linking to this particularly great article on our site. Keep up the good writing.
Pretty! This has been an incredibly wonderful article. Many thanks for supplying this info.
Hi there, I do believe your site may be having browser compatibility problems. When I take a look at your web site in Safari, it looks fine however, if opening in Internet Explorer, it’s got some overlapping issues. I merely wanted to give you a quick heads up! Aside from that, wonderful site!
This is a topic that is near to my heart… Take care! Where are your contact details though?
The very next time I read a blog, Hopefully it won’t fail me as much as this one. After all, Yes, it was my choice to read through, nonetheless I genuinely believed you would probably have something helpful to talk about. All I hear is a bunch of complaining about something you could fix if you weren’t too busy looking for attention.
Everything is very open with a very clear explanation of the issues. It was definitely informative. Your website is useful. Many thanks for sharing!
Your style is unique in comparison to other people I have read stuff from. Thanks for posting when you have the opportunity, Guess I will just book mark this web site.
I really like it when people come together and share views. Great site, continue the good work!
Heya i’m for the first time here. I found thisboard and I find It really useful & it helped me out a lot.I hope to provide one thing again and help others like you helped me.
To the xn--afriquela1re-6db.com webmaster, Your posts are always well-supported and evidence-based.
Im grateful for the blog.Much thanks again. Great.
Good post. I learn something totally new and challenging on sites I stumbleupon every day. It will always be exciting to read articles from other writers and use something from their web sites.
Right here is the perfect web site for anyone who really wants to understand this topic. You realize a whole lot its almost tough to argue with you (not that I personally would want to…HaHa). You definitely put a new spin on a subject which has been written about for ages. Wonderful stuff, just wonderful!
There is definately a great deal to learn about this issue. I really like all the points you’ve made.
Nice post. I learn something totally new and challenging on websites I stumbleupon every day. It’s always interesting to read content from other writers and use something from their sites.
You should take part in a contest for one of the highest quality sites on the web. I am going to recommend this web site!
There’s certainly a great deal to find out about this subject. I really like all of the points you’ve made.
Los 50 ajustes de capital de secuoyas más bellos de cerdeña
Appreciate you sharing, great post.Really looking forward to read more. Fantastic.
Thanks for the article post.Really thank you!
You are so interesting! I don’t suppose I’ve truly read through a single thing like that before. So good to find somebody with some original thoughts on this subject matter. Seriously.. many thanks for starting this up. This website is one thing that’s needed on the web, someone with a little originality!
I’m amazed, I must say. Rarely do I come across a blog that’s both equally educative and entertaining, and let me tell you, you’ve hit the nail on the head. The issue is something which too few people are speaking intelligently about. I am very happy that I stumbled across this in my search for something relating to this.
You are so cool! I do not think I’ve truly read through anything like this before. So good to find someone with some unique thoughts on this subject matter. Seriously.. thanks for starting this up. This website is one thing that’s needed on the web, someone with a bit of originality!
Thanks a lot for the article.Much thanks again. Really Great.
Hi, I do believe this is a great web site. I stumbledupon it 😉 I am going to revisit once again since I bookmarked it. Money and freedom is the greatest way to change, may you be rich and continue to help others.
Hello there! I could have sworn I’ve been to your blog before but after going through a few of the posts I realized it’s new to me. Nonetheless, I’m certainly delighted I discovered it and I’ll be book-marking it and checking back often!
Spot on with this write-up, I truly think this website needs far more attention. I’ll probably be returning to read more, thanks for the information!
I’d like to thank you for the efforts you’ve put in writing this blog. I am hoping to check out the same high-grade content by you later on as well. In truth, your creative writing abilities has encouraged me to get my own blog now 😉
Pretty! This was a really wonderful post. Thanks for providing this info.
Can I simply say what a relief to discover someone who really knows what they are discussing on the web. You certainly know how to bring a problem to light and make it important. More and more people ought to read this and understand this side of your story. I was surprised you are not more popular since you surely possess the gift.
Saved as a favorite, I like your blog!
Greetings! Very useful advice within this article! It is the little changes which will make the greatest changes. Thanks a lot for sharing!
I loved your blog article.Much thanks again. Keep writing.
Looking forward to reading more. Great post.Really looking forward to read more. Really Cool.
Muchos Gracias for your blog article.Much thanks again. Keep writing.
Awesome post.Really looking forward to read more. Really Cool.
Having read this I thought it was very informative. I appreciate you finding the time and effort to put this short article together. I once again find myself spending a lot of time both reading and posting comments. But so what, it was still worthwhile!
Hello there! I could have sworn I’ve been to this website before but after browsing through a few of the articles I realized it’s new to me. Regardless, I’m certainly pleased I found it and I’ll be bookmarking it and checking back regularly!
This excellent website really has all the information and facts I needed about this subject and didn’t know who to ask.
I’m impressed, I have to admit. Seldom do I encounter a blog that’s equally educative and amusing, and without a doubt, you have hit the nail on the head. The issue is something which not enough people are speaking intelligently about. I’m very happy I came across this during my search for something concerning this.
wow, awesome post.Really thank you! Great.
Thanks for the blog post.Much thanks again. Really Great.
Really appreciate you sharing this blog article.
Thanks again for the blog post.Really thank you!
Xoilac Tv Trực Tiếp đá Bóngxem thvl1Nếu cứ chơi như cách vừa đè bẹp Everton tới 3-1 trên sảnh quý khách hàng
Great blog post.Really thank you! Want more.
things, play on a more be very legal in the
Paragraph writing is also a fun, if you be familiar with then you can write otherwise itis difficult to write.
I appreciate you sharing this blog article.Much thanks again.
I value the blog post.Really looking forward to read more. Awesome.
I absolutely love your blog.. Excellent colors & theme. Did you develop this website yourself? Please reply back as I’m planning to create my own personal website and would like to know where you got this from or exactly what the theme is named. Many thanks!
I’m impressed, I must say. Seldom do I encounter a blog that’s equally educative and amusing, and without a doubt, you’ve hit the nail on the head. The problem is an issue that not enough men and women are speaking intelligently about. Now i’m very happy I came across this during my search for something regarding this.
Your style is very unique in comparison to other folks I’ve read stuff from. Thanks for posting when you’ve got the opportunity, Guess I will just book mark this site.
An impressive share! I’ve just forwarded this onto a coworker who had been conducting a little homework on this. And he in fact ordered me breakfast because I discovered it for him… lol. So allow me to reword this…. Thanks for the meal!! But yeah, thanx for spending some time to talk about this topic here on your internet site.
When I originally left a comment I appear to have clicked on the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and from now on every time a comment is added I receive four emails with the same comment. There has to be a way you are able to remove me from that service? Kudos!
You’ve made some really good points there. I looked on the internet for more information about the issue and found most individuals will go along with your views on this site.
Good site you’ve got here.. It’s hard to find high-quality writing like yours nowadays. I truly appreciate people like you! Take care!!
You’re so interesting! I do not suppose I have read through a single thing like that before. So nice to discover another person with original thoughts on this subject matter. Really.. thank you for starting this up. This site is one thing that’s needed on the web, someone with a bit of originality!
I would like to thank you for the efforts you have put in writing this site. I am hoping to see the same high-grade content by you in the future as well. In truth, your creative writing abilities has motivated me to get my very own site now 😉
Pretty! This has been an extremely wonderful post. Thanks for providing this information.
Very informative blog post.Really thank you! Really Great.
Muchos Gracias for your blog post.Really thank you! Really Cool.
I appreciate you sharing this blog article.Thanks Again.
Whoa! This blog looks exactly like my old one! It’s on a entirely different subject but it has pretty much the same layout and design. Great choice of colors!
Im obliged for the post. Great.
I’m impressed, I must say. Rarely do I come across a blog that’s equally educative and engaging, and let me tell you, you have hit the nail on the head. The issue is something too few men and women are speaking intelligently about. Now i’m very happy that I found this during my search for something relating to this.
Fantastic blog post.Much thanks again. Want more.
Aw, this was a really nice post. In concept I wish to put in writing like this additionally ?taking time and precise effort to make a very good article?however what can I say?I procrastinate alot and by no means seem to get one thing done.
Muchos Gracias for your blog.Really looking forward to read more. Really Cool.
Thanks for sharing, this is a fantastic post.Really looking forward to read more. Great.
I loved your post.Thanks Again. Fantastic.
Let me know Cigawatt store located in 2218 N Farwell Ave offers e-liquid made by BO Vaping Made In France E-liquid? I have emailed them at dave@advapors.com
Thanks a lot for the article post.Really thank you! Cool.
Awesome article post.Much thanks again. Cool.
Major thanks for the article post.Thanks Again. Cool.
Really appreciate you sharing this blog.Much thanks again. Will read on…
I value the blog. Cool.
Very informative article post.Really thank you! Cool.
I value the article.Really thank you!
Greetings! Very helpful advice in this particular article! It is the little changes that produce the most significant changes. Thanks a lot for sharing!
244309 180165Wohh exactly what I was seeking for, regards for posting . 688109
Say, you got a nice article.Really looking forward to read more. Really Cool.
Awesome article. Want more.
Fantastic post.Thanks Again. Much obliged.
To the xn--afriquela1re-6db.com administrator, Keep up the good work!
Good article. I will be experiencing some of these issues
as well..
I couldn’t refrain from commenting. Well written!
An interesting discussion is worth comment. I believe that you should publish more about this issue, it might not be a taboo subject but generally people do not talk about these topics. To the next! Cheers!!
It’s nearly impossible to find educated people on this topic, however, you sound like you know what you’re talking about! Thanks
Hello there! I just would like to give you a huge thumbs up for the excellent info you’ve got here on this post. I’ll be returning to your web site for more soon.
Hello! I could have sworn I’ve been to this web site before but after looking at a few of the articles I realized it’s new to me. Regardless, I’m definitely pleased I came across it and I’ll be book-marking it and checking back regularly!
magnificent publish, very informative. I’m wondering why the other specialists of this
sector do not notice this. You should proceed your writing.
I am confident, you have a huge readers’ base already!
I believe this is among the most significant info for me.
And i’m satisfied studying your article. But should remark on few general issues, The site style is wonderful, the articles is in reality great
: D. Good task, cheers
Do you have a spam problem on this website; I also am a blogger,
and I was wondering your situation; we have created some nice practices
and we are looking to swap techniques with others, why
not shoot me an email if interested.
Oh my goodness! Incredible article dude! Thank you,
However I am experiencing difficulties with your RSS.
I don’t know the reason why I am unable to join it.
Is there anybody getting the same RSS problems? Anybody who knows the solution will you
kindly respond? Thanks!!
It’s a pity you don’t have a donate button! I’d
definitely donate to this brilliant blog! I suppose for now i’ll settle for
book-marking and adding your RSS feed to my Google account.
I look forward to new updates and will share this site with my Facebook group.
Talk soon!
My brother recommended I might like this website. He was totally right.
This post truly made my day. You cann’t imagine simply how much time
I had spent for this info! Thanks!
Hi my friend! I wish to say that this post is amazing, great written and include almost all important infos.I would like to peer more posts like this .
Say, you got a nice article post.Really thank you!Loading…
Aw, this was a really nice post. Taking a few minutes and actual effort to produce a superb articleÖ but what can I sayÖ I hesitate a whole lot and don’t manage to get nearly anything done.
I really like reading through a post that can make people think. Also, thank you for permitting me to comment!
Everything is very open with a precise explanation of the issues. It was really informative. Your website is extremely helpful. Thanks for sharing!
https://rytr.me/user/northwestjunkhaulers/northwest-junk-haulers-652d0e90c01fd09fa78eafa9
Our position is to protect shoppers now and in the future by working to
ship a greener, fairer power system.
We cowl Hampshire, Berkshire, Wiltshire and further affield if required.
Due to a fault on the property’s electrical installation, the engineer acquired a significant electrical shock which
– tragically – proved deadly.
The engineers are all the time polite and skilled and with minimal name backs,
Bensons is a good asset for LJHA.
All Gas Safe engineers – together with British Gas engineers – will carry their Gas Safe ID card.
To learn the way a lot your insurance coverage will value, simply get a quote today.
They see them as costly to purchase and as potentially able to rising customers’ bills.
All a half of this course of are harmful, and care must be taken not to
ignite the gas before intended.
It’s necessary to examine what work they’re qualified to do
earlier than you employ them.
Create and submit invoices to your customers with any related device.
Choosing a profession within the gasoline becoming business opens
you as a lot as an entire range of numerous prospects.
Wow, great blog article.Really looking forward to read more. Fantastic.
Looking forward to reading more. Great blog post.Much thanks again. Great.
I cannot thank you enough for the blog article.Much thanks again. Awesome.
Ahaa, its nice conversation about this article at this place at
this web site, I have read all that, so now me also commenting here.
Hello, just wanted to mention, I loved this blog post.
It was practical. Keep on posting!
Spot on with this write-up, I actually believe this site needs far more attention.
I’ll probably be returning to read more, thanks for the information!
Hello, i read your blog occasionally and i own a similar one and i was just
curious if you get a lot of spam responses? If so how do you reduce it, any plugin or anything you can recommend?
I get so much lately it’s driving me mad so any support is
very much appreciated.
I always spent my half an hour to read this web site’s content daily along with a cup of coffee.
I pay a visit each day a few sites and blogs to read posts,
but this webpage presents quality based posts.
Excellent post. Keep posting such kind of info on your page.
Im really impressed by your site.
Hello there, You’ve performed a fantastic job.
I will definitely digg it and in my view recommend to my
friends. I am sure they will be benefited from this web site.
Wonderful post however I was wondering if you could write a litte more on this subject?
I’d be very grateful if you could elaborate a little bit more.
Many thanks!
obviously like your web site but you need to check the spelling on several
of your posts. Many of them are rife with spelling problems
and I find it very troublesome to inform the reality however I will surely come again again.
whoah this weblog is magnificent i really like studying your articles.
Stay up the great work! You already know, lots of persons are searching around
for this info, you can help them greatly.
This is very fascinating, You’re an excessively professional blogger.
I have joined your feed and stay up for in quest of extra
of your great post. Also, I have shared your website
in my social networks
hello!,I like your writing so a lot! share we keep in touch more approximately your article on AOL?
I require a specialist on this area to resolve my problem.
Maybe that’s you! Taking a look forward to look you.
I reckon something truly special in this website.
My website: порно русских стдентов
Wohh precisely what I was searching for, regards for putting up.
My website: порно русская училка
best online pharmacies in mexico: Mexico pharmacy – buying prescription drugs in mexico
Thank you ever so for you blog. Really looking forward to read more.
My website: порно видео бесплатно русское
Very good post.Really looking forward to read more. Great.
My website: порно изнасилования
Ponto IPTV a melhor programacao de canais IPTV do Brasil, filmes, series, futebol
My website: порно препод
Hello xn--afriquela1re-6db.com admin, You always provide great resources and references.
This design is steller! You definitely know how to keep a
reader amused. Between your wit and your videos,
I was almost moved to start my own blog (well, almost…HaHa!) Wonderful job.
I really loved what you had to say, and more than that, how you presented it.
Too cool!
Anyone looking to make the change should perceive that
that is tough, however necessary work.
Yes, Tradify allows you to create progress invoices straight
from a quote.
However, a Gas Safe engineer might be required to restore a boiler or to install a gasoline
appliance.
Amazing blog! Is your theme custom made or did you download it from somewhere?
A design like yours with a few simple adjustements
would really make my blog jump out. Please let me know where you got your theme.
Cheers
We have 270 primarily based throughout the country, each certified to provide high-quality, thorough fuel checks and repairs.
Awesome blog.Really thank you! Awesome.
Awesome blog article.Thanks Again. Cool.
I really liked your post.Much thanks again. Fantastic.
Aw, this was an incredibly nice post. Taking a few minutes and actual effort to generate a superb article?but what can I say?I procrastinate a lot and don’t seem to get anything done.
Awesome blog.Much thanks again. Great.
This is a really good tip especially to those fresh to theblogosphere. Simple but very precise info… Thank you for sharing this one.A must read article!
hi!,I love your writing very much! percentage we be in contact more about your post on AOL?I need an expert in this house to unravelmy problem. May be that is you! Having a look ahead to see you.
My website: порно препод и студентка
This post presents clear idea for the new visitors of blogging, that really how to do blogging.
As a Newbie, I am always searching online for articles that can help me. Thank you
My website: секс с училкой
Great blog.Much thanks again.
I’m extremely pleased to discover this website. I wanted to thank you for ones time just for this fantastic read!
My website: упругие груди смотреть
Thank you ever so for you blog. Really looking forward to read more.
My website: Упругие сиськи
My website: секс на улице
A round of applause for your article. Much thanks again.
My website: порно красивая жена друга
Thank you ever so for you blog. Really looking forward to read more.
My website: секс видео свингеры
A tiempo para el día del padre, aquí está la risa cursi de papá
Hi there, its fastidious post on the topic of media print,we all be aware of media is a impressive source of facts.Check out my blog; mpc-install.com
As a Newbie, I am always searching online for articles that can help me. Thank you
My website: жена муж куколд
Ponto IPTV a melhor programacao de canais IPTV do Brasil, filmes, series, futebol
My website: смотреть японское порно
drugs from canada without prescription: pharmacy drug store online no rx – online prescription
A round of applause for your article. Much thanks again.
My website: секс порно транс
I’m impressed, I must say. Rarely do I come across a blog that’s equally educative and engaging, and without a doubt, you’ve hit the nail on the head. The issue is something that not enough folks are speaking intelligently about. I am very happy I stumbled across this during my search for something concerning this.
Everyone loves it when individuals get together and share thoughts. Great website, keep it up!
After checking out a handful of the blog posts on your web page, I truly appreciate your technique of blogging. I book-marked it to my bookmark webpage list and will be checking back soon. Please check out my web site too and let me know your opinion.
Great web site you have here.. It’s hard to find high-quality writing like yours these days. I seriously appreciate individuals like you! Take care!!
I’m pretty pleased to find this page. I need to to thank you for ones time for this fantastic read!! I definitely really liked every part of it and i also have you book marked to look at new information in your website.
bookmarked!!, I really like your website!
Saved as a favorite, I really like your web site!
Respect to post author, some fantastic information
My website: анилингус видео
Hi! I could have sworn I’ve been to this web site before but after looking at some of the articles I realized it’s new to me. Anyhow, I’m definitely delighted I found it and I’ll be book-marking it and checking back regularly!
An outstanding share! I’ve just forwarded this onto a friend who has been doing a little research on this. And he actually bought me breakfast simply because I discovered it for him… lol. So allow me to reword this…. Thank YOU for the meal!! But yeah, thanks for spending time to talk about this matter here on your blog.
Pretty! This was an extremely wonderful post. Many thanks for providing this information.
You’re so awesome! I do not suppose I’ve read through anything like this before. So great to discover somebody with unique thoughts on this subject. Really.. thank you for starting this up. This site is something that is required on the web, someone with a bit of originality!
Good blog you have here.. It’s difficult to find high quality writing like yours these days. I seriously appreciate people like you! Take care!!
Hi! I just want to offer you a big thumbs up for your great information you have here on this post. I will be coming back to your blog for more soon.
Hi! I could have sworn I’ve been to this site before but after going through a few of the articles I realized it’s new to me. Nonetheless, I’m certainly pleased I stumbled upon it and I’ll be book-marking it and checking back often!
You ought to be a part of a contest for one of the highest quality sites on the internet. I will highly recommend this web site!
I couldn’t resist commenting. Perfectly written!
This site was… how do you say it? Relevant!! Finally I have found something that helped me. Thanks a lot!
May I simply just say what a comfort to uncover somebody that truly understands what they’re discussing on the net. You actually understand how to bring a problem to light and make it important. A lot more people ought to look at this and understand this side of the story. It’s surprising you aren’t more popular because you definitely possess the gift.
Way cool! Some extremely valid points! I appreciate you writing this post and also the rest of the site is also really good.
Greetings! Very useful advice in this particular post! It is the little changes which will make the most significant changes. Thanks for sharing!
Pretty! This has been a really wonderful article. Thank you for providing this info.
After looking at a handful of the blog articles on your web page, I truly appreciate your technique of blogging. I saved as a favorite it to my bookmark site list and will be checking back soon. Take a look at my website too and let me know your opinion.
You ought to take part in a contest for one of the highest quality websites online. I most certainly will highly recommend this website!
I truly love your site.. Pleasant colors & theme. Did you make this website yourself? Please reply back as I’m hoping to create my own personal site and would love to find out where you got this from or exactly what the theme is named. Many thanks!
Thanks-a-mundo for the post.Really thank you! Awesome.
My website: milf sex porn
Respect to post author, some fantastic information
My website: красивое порно от первого лица
Hi, I do believe this is a great site. I stumbledupon it 😉 I’m going to return once again since I saved as a favorite it. Money and freedom is the best way to change, may you be rich and continue to help other people.
Greetings! Very useful advice in this particular article! It is the little changes that will make the biggest changes. Many thanks for sharing!
Way cool! Some very valid points! I appreciate you penning this write-up plus the rest of the site is really good.
Good post! We will be linking to this great article on our website. Keep up the great writing.
The next time I read a blog, Hopefully it doesn’t fail me just as much as this particular one. I mean, Yes, it was my choice to read, however I genuinely thought you would probably have something interesting to say. All I hear is a bunch of crying about something that you can fix if you were not too busy looking for attention.
A round of applause for your article. Much thanks again.
My website: красивый секс дома
Definitely, what a great blog and revealing posts, I definitely will bookmark your site. Best Regards!
My website: порно толпой
I gotta favorite this site it seems very beneficial handy
My website: негр ебет при муже
I reckon something truly special in this website.
My website: порно видео молодые азиатки
It’s hard to find knowledgeable people about this subject, however, you sound like you know what you’re talking about! Thanks
There’s certainly a lot to find out about this subject. I like all the points you made.
Great post. I’m facing many of these issues as well..
Good article! We will be linking to this particularly great article on our site. Keep up the good writing.
Oh my goodness! Impressive article dude! Thank you so much, However I am going through difficulties with your RSS. I don’t know the reason why I can’t join it. Is there anybody having the same RSS problems? Anyone that knows the solution can you kindly respond? Thanx!!
Very good post.Really looking forward to read more. Great.
My website: порно трахает парня страпоном
My website: порно сосет и лижет
Major thanks for the article post. Much thanks again.
My website: порно бухая
Thanks-a-mundo for the post.Really thank you! Awesome.
My website: русское домашнее порно с разговорами
This site definitely has all of the information I needed about this subject
My website: групповое порно бесплатно
A lot of blog writers nowadays yet just a few have blog posts worth spending time on reviewing.
My website: секс трахнул сестру
I am extremely impressed with your writing skills and also with the layout on your blog.Is this a paid theme or did you customize it yourself?Anyway keep up the nice quality writing, it is rare to see anice blog like this one these days.
periactin over the counter periactin coupon – generic zyrtec target
I gotta favorite this site it seems very beneficial handy
My website: секс на вебку
This site definitely has all of the information I needed about this subject
My website: Секс на улице
I gotta favorite this site it seems very beneficial handy
My website: русский семейный секс
Ponto IPTV a melhor programacao de canais IPTV do Brasil, filmes, series, futebol
My website: бабки в сексе
Unfortunately, many people are unsure of the differences between residential and
commercial electricians, so let’s walk through some differences.
Thanks for sharing, this is a fantastic blog post.Really thank you! Much obliged.
My website: глубоко ебут в рот
I’m extremely pleased to discover this website. I wanted to thank you for ones time just for this fantastic read!
My website: муж лижет пизду
Thanks-a-mundo for the post.Really thank you! Awesome.
My website: порно отсосала
I’m extremely pleased to discover this website. I wanted to thank you for ones time just for this fantastic read!
My website: порно подростки
I got what you intend,bookmarked, very decent website.
My website: порно анал красотки
ivermectin oral does ivermectin kill tapeworms
This site definitely has all of the information I needed about this subject
My website: секс с милфой
???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? 2021 hd ???????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????2021, ??????? ??? ????? ? ??????.Loading…
Thanks again for the article.Thanks Again. Want more.
I like this website very much, Its a really nice place to read and incur info .
I blog often and I really thank you for your information. The article has really peaked my interest. I’m going to book mark your site and keep checking for new information about once per week. I opted in for your Feed too.
I quite like reading an article that can make men and women think. Also, thank you for allowing for me to comment!
It’s difficult to find knowledgeable people in this particular topic, but you sound like you know what you’re talking about! Thanks
Hello there, I do believe your website could possibly be having internet browser compatibility issues. When I look at your blog in Safari, it looks fine however, if opening in I.E., it has some overlapping issues. I merely wanted to give you a quick heads up! Other than that, great blog!
I must thank you for the efforts you have put in penning this website. I really hope to see the same high-grade content from you later on as well. In fact, your creative writing abilities has encouraged me to get my own, personal website now 😉
Hi, I do think this is an excellent site. I stumbledupon it 😉 I’m going to revisit yet again since i have saved as a favorite it. Money and freedom is the best way to change, may you be rich and continue to help others.
The the next occasion I just read a weblog, I am hoping it doesnt disappoint me around that one. I am talking about, It was my solution to read, but I personally thought youd have something interesting to convey. All I hear is really a number of whining about something that you could fix in case you werent too busy seeking attention.
A big thank you for your blog article.Really thank you! Great.
I blog frequently and I really thank you for your information. Your article has really peaked my interest. I’m going to book mark your site and keep checking for new information about once per week. I subscribed to your Feed as well.
You’ve made some good points there. I looked on the web to find out more about the issue and found most individuals will go along with your views on this website.
Thanks again for the article.Thanks Again. Will read on…
Hello xn--afriquela1re-6db.com owner, You always provide helpful information.
This is one awesome article.Thanks Again.
Very informative blog.Really thank you! Really Great.
Very good blog.Really looking forward to read more. Great.
Im obliged for the blog.Really thank you! Will read on…
I think this is a real great blog article. Really Great.
A fascinating discussion is worth comment. I think that you need to publish more about this issue, it might not be a taboo subject but usually people do not talk about such topics. To the next! Cheers!!
Great info. Lucky me I came across your blog by accident (stumbleupon). I’ve book-marked it for later!
Very neat post. Really Great.
A round of applause for your blog article. Keep writing.
I appreciate you sharing this article post.Really looking forward to read more. Much obliged.
Really enjoyed this article post. Awesome.
Pretty section of content. I just stumbled upon your website and in accession capital to assert that I get actually enjoyed account your blog posts. Anyway I will be subscribing to your feeds and even I achievement you access consistently quickly.
A big thank you for your post.Much thanks again. Keep writing.
You’re so interesting! I don’t believe I have read something like that before. So nice to find someone with a few genuine thoughts on this issue. Seriously.. thank you for starting this up. This site is something that is required on the internet, someone with a bit of originality!
An outstanding share! I have just forwarded this onto a coworker who had been doing a little homework on this. And he actually bought me lunch because I discovered it for him… lol. So allow me to reword this…. Thanks for the meal!! But yeah, thanx for spending some time to talk about this issue here on your site.
Good information. Lucky me I found your website by accident (stumbleupon). I’ve bookmarked it for later!
Pretty! This has been an extremely wonderful post. Many thanks for providing this info.
You’ve made some really good points there. I checked on the web to learn more about the issue and found most people will go along with your views on this web site.
Hello there, I do think your site may be having web browser compatibility problems. Whenever I take a look at your website in Safari, it looks fine but when opening in I.E., it has some overlapping issues. I just wanted to provide you with a quick heads up! Apart from that, great website!
Can I just say what a comfort to discover someone that genuinely knows what they are talking about online. You definitely understand how to bring an issue to light and make it important. More people need to read this and understand this side of the story. I can’t believe you’re not more popular since you definitely have the gift.
Hi there! I just want to give you a big thumbs up for the excellent info you have got here on this post. I will be coming back to your website for more soon.
You ought to be a part of a contest for one of the greatest blogs online. I most certainly will highly recommend this web site!
This excellent website definitely has all the info I wanted concerning this subject and didn’t know who to ask.
Hi, I do think this is a great website. I stumbledupon it 😉 I may return yet again since i have saved as a favorite it. Money and freedom is the greatest way to change, may you be rich and continue to guide others.
d4e かっこいい！いくつかの非常に有効なポイント！この記事を執筆していただきありがとうございます。また、サイトの他の部分も非常に優れています。
Hi there, I do believe your web site could be having internet browser compatibility issues. When I take a look at your website in Safari, it looks fine however, when opening in I.E., it’s got some overlapping issues. I just wanted to provide you with a quick heads up! Aside from that, excellent website!
This website was… how do you say it? Relevant!! Finally I’ve found something which helped me. Thank you!
Greetings! Very useful advice within this article! It’s the little changes that make the most important changes. Thanks for sharing!
Howdy! This article couldn’t be written much better! Reading through this article reminds me of my previous roommate! He continually kept talking about this. I am going to forward this post to him. Fairly certain he’ll have a great read. Thanks for sharing!
I needed to thank you for this excellent read!! I definitely enjoyed every bit of it. I have you bookmarked to check out new things you post…
An impressive share! I have just forwarded this onto a co-worker who has been doing a little research on this. And he in fact ordered me dinner because I discovered it for him… lol. So allow me to reword this…. Thank YOU for the meal!! But yeah, thanks for spending time to talk about this issue here on your website.
This web site really has all of the information and facts I needed concerning this subject and didn’t know who to ask.
An outstanding share! I’ve just forwarded this onto a coworker who had been doing a little research on this. And he in fact bought me lunch due to the fact that I discovered it for him… lol. So let me reword this…. Thanks for the meal!! But yeah, thanx for spending the time to talk about this topic here on your internet site.
This blog was… how do I say it? Relevant!! Finally I’ve found something which helped me. Appreciate it!
Spot on with this write-up, I absolutely feel this site needs a great deal more attention. I’ll probably be returning to read through more, thanks for the information!
Howdy sir” you have a really nice blog layout ,
Thanks for the blog article.Really looking forward to read more. Fantastic.
A big thank you for your blog post.Much thanks again. Really Great.
pay per click programs are really great, i could earn some decent cash from it-
Dear xn--afriquela1re-6db.com webmaster, You always provide in-depth analysis and understanding.
Dear xn--afriquela1re-6db.com admin, Your posts are always well written.
Hello xn--afriquela1re-6db.com admin, Your posts are always well written and informative.
Hello xn--afriquela1re-6db.com owner, Great post!
To the xn--afriquela1re-6db.com webmaster, Your posts are always a great source of knowledge.
That very first sold me about this viewpoint to deal with something that provides a crucial description respecting ?
I got what you intend,bookmarked, very decent website.
My website: анилингус порно
Music began playing anytime I opened this site, so irritating!
My brother recommended I might like this blog. He was entirely right. This post actually made my day. You can not imagine just how much time I had spent for this info! Thanks!
As a Newbie, I am continuously exploring online for articles that can be of assistance to me.
My website: анал порно
секс-куклы в реальной жизни
Dive into the most thrilling online battles Lucky Cola
ricerca indicazioni per l’acquisto di farmaci a Torino, Italia Medicus Cumaribo Kauf von Marken-Medikamente von Mylan
Thanks-a-mundo for the post.Thanks Again. Fantastic.
This paragraph is in fact a pleasant one it assists new the web visitors,
who are wishing in favor of blogging.
Take your gaming skills to new heights—play now Lucky Cola
Mood changes can include euphoria and extreme depression and may alter the way
The best thing is that you can use the live cam technology yourself and interact with the women in the chat – all you need is a free free live mature sex cams account and your own cam.
евразийский банк руководство, евразийский банк председатель правления жасуша қабықшасы, жасуша құрылысы эко нурай цены, клиника ирм шымкент қан анализін
алу техникасы, қан алу алгоритмі
аскарида дәрісі, балалардағы ішек құрт ауруы
жас ұланға қабылдау мақсаты менің қиялымдағы әже, менің әжем скачать блок окна жолты, звуковые сигналы
на жд рк
I am perpetually thought about this, thankyou for posting .
bed sheets that are made of flannel fabric are the best type of bed sheets..