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Muri iyi minsi hakomeje gucicikana ibitekerezo Jenerali Kainerugaba Muhoozi, mwene Kaguta Yoweli Museveni anyuza ku rukuta rwe rwa Twitter, aho agaragaza ubuhangage bw’abo yita “Abacwezi”, ariko isano akaryubaka cyane ahuza ubuvandimwe bw’abami bategetse i Rwanda, abategetsi barwo b’ubu n’abategeka Uganda ndetse akagenda akabigeza ku bwoko bw’abatigreyani bo muri Etiyopiya.
Kuri iyi tweet Jenerali Muhoozi aragira ati “abami bacu urugero nka Gasirabo wa Mpororo na Rudahigwa w’i Rwanda bakomokaga mu bwoko bw’Abatigirinya.Tugomba kujya kurwanirira abanya Tigreya”
Ku giti cyanjye nakomeje kwibaza no gusobanukirwa kuri iyo “stratégie de Communication”(icyo aba ashaka kuvuga by’ukuri) ya Jenerali Kainerugaba ariko sindabasha kuyisobanukirwa.
Hari abashobora guhera kubyo avuga, bakavuga bati “umubano wa Uganda n’U Rwanda umaze igihe urimo igihu, urimo urazanzahuka”. Gusa biragaragara ko uburyo Kainerugaba Muhoozi yitwara muri iki kibazo abyerekeza ku rwego rw’imiryango aho ashimagiza ubutwari bwa “Nyirarume” (Jenerali Kagame).
Ariko umuntu akaba yakwibaza ati kuki muri iyo communication (mu butumwa bwe bwose atangaza) ye, ise umubyara akaba n’umukuru w’igihugu cya Uganda (Jenerali Yoweli Kaguta Museveni) atagaragaramo?! Ese Muhoozi yaba abona ko imibanire y’Ibihugu byombi yashingira mu mbago z’ubuvandimwe bw’abacwezi gusa? Ese ibihumbagiza bisigaye by’abaganda n’abanyarwanda batari abacwezi, atekereza ko yabaganisha he?
Abasobanukiwe Ibya mwene iyi communication bazadufasha kuyumva neza icyo yaba igamije?
Tugarutse kandi kubyo Muhoozi avuga, yerekana abami b’abanyarwanda akabahuza n’abacwezi bafite inkomoko muri Etiyopiya.
Kuri iyi ngingo nibaza impamvu abategetsi b’U Rwanda babibona bakicecekera mu gihe politiki ishyizwe imbere mu Rwanda ivuga ko u Rwanda rwahanzwe na Gihanga, ukomokwaho na bene Kanyarwanda bose!! Ese baba batabona uburemere bw’ibyo Kainerugaba Muhoozi avuga?
Léon Mugesera (intiti,umwarimu muri Kaminuza akaba n’umunyepolitike) yahaniwe Icyaha cyo kuba yaravuze ko “Abatutsi bagomba gucishwa muri Nyabarongo, bagasubizwa Abyssinia !!” Ese kurebera Kainerugaba Muhoozi akomeza gukoresha ayo magambo, bakinumira, si uburyo bwo kugaragaza ko ibyo Mugesera Léon yavuze ku nkomoko y’Abatutsi yaba ataribeshyaga?
Kuki ubutegetsi bwarebera ibintu nkabiriya binyuranye na politiki y’imibanire bwigisha abanyarwanda bukinumira? Ese baba babona ko ntacyo bihungabanya ku mibanire y’abanyarwanda?
Turetse ibyakwibazwa ku magambo ya Kainerugaba Muhoozi, reka twongere turebe niba ababisanisha n’ibitekerezo byo gushyiraho “Hima-Tutsi Empire” baba bafite ishingiro Koko?
Intambara y’Inkotanyi itangira mu 1990, abari bafite ubutegetsi icyo gihe, bahise batangira gukwirakwiza uwo mwuka ko iyo ntambara igamije gushyiraho ubutegetsi bugenzurwa n’abatutsi mu karere kose. Uburyo byasobanuwe bikaba biri mu byarushijeho kugwiza umwuka w’urwangano n’urwikekwe hagati y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi.
Aho ubutegetsi bwa Ndadaye buhirikiwe mu 1993 i Burundi, byarushijeho gukaza umurego, noneho havuka igitekerezo cya Hutu Power, mu by’ukuri bigaragaza ko ari “pôle” Hutu yari izamutse guhangana n’iyo “pôle” Hima-Tutsi .
Gutekereza Hima-Tutsi Empire, njye nanatekereza ko biri mu byatumye ubutegetsi bw’icyo gihe burangarira mu bintu bidashobora kubonerwa gihamya, aho kwita ku mpamvu nyakuri zari zatumye intambara ibaho.
Ingaruka yabaye ko, aho gushaka ingamba nyakuri zo guhangana n’intambara, ahubwo stratégie yabaye kuremamo abanyarwanda ibice bibiri: icy’ abashaka kuza guhaka bamwe, n’icy’abagomba kwirwanaho ngo batazongera guhakwa.
Iyi myumvire ubwayo yashegeshe Leta kuko ntibyari gushoboka ko yahangana n’urugamba, abenegihugu baramaze gucikamo ibice. Aha nibutse ko mu moko yose ndetse no kw’Isi ntaho “supremacists” (abahezanguni bakunda ubwoko bwabo kuburutisha ubundi) bataba. No mu Rwanda ni uko.
Niba Abami b’abanyiginya baravugaga ko aribo bonyine bavukanye imbuto zo gutegeka kandi nta sano na ntoya bafitanye nAbahutu, ukongera ukareba ijambo rya Barayagwiza abwira abayoboke ba CDR ati “nitumara gufata ubutegetsi, tuzashyiraho Leta nziza”, ashaka kuvuga Leta ya rubanda rutarangwamo Abatutsi, ibyo bigaragaza umwuka w’ubwironde n’ivangura uboneka hombi mu batutsi n’Abahutu.
Intambara rero ya FPR yahuriranye n’intambara ya Etiyopiya yaje kurangira Isayasi Afwerki wa Eritreya yumvikanye na Melesi Zenawi ko Eritrea yiyomora kuri Ethiopiya ikaba igihugu kigenga, bikaba byaragezweho mu 1992.
Muri za 1996, Bill Clinton yavuze ko muri Africa hari kuboneka imyumvire mishya mu miyoborere. Icyo yise “New breed of African Leaders”(Ubwoko bushya buzayobora Afurika). Icyo gihe yavuga Yoweri Kaguta, Paul Kagame, Izais Afwerki, na Meles Zenawi.
Abavuga umushinga wa Hima-Tutsi Empire babishimangirira aho berekana ko icyo cyari igitekerezo cy’Abanyamerika mu mugambi wabo wo kwigarurira Africa yo hagati n’iy’uburasirazuba.
Nyuma y’uko intambara ya AFDL (ya Laurent Desiré Kabila,Paul Kagame,Yoweli Kaguta Museveni,Petero Buyoya) itangira muri Zaire mu 1997, Clinton yakoreye uruzinduko mu Rwanda mu 1998, aza kuvugira i Kanombe ko muri 1994, barebereye, ariko ubu batazongera gufunga amaso, inkambi z’impunzi zihindurwa indiri y’abicanyi bashaka gukomeza jenoside batashoje.
Abasesenguzi bamwe bavuga, ko abanyamerika bakoresheje impamvu “humanitaire”(ubutabazi) mu gukora expension géostratégique ya zone yabo(mu kwagura ibirindiro byabo) muri Zaire/DRC.
Ubutegetsi bwa Mobutu bwarahiritswe maze i Kinshasa, hashyirwaho ubutegetsi Kampala na Kigali bagenzura mu nyungu za Washington na Londres.
Muri make intambara ya Zaire yari icyo bita “guerre par procuration/proxy war”.
Ababonaga Empire Hima-Tutsi barongera bakagaruka kandi ku ntambara zo muri Sudani. Mu myaka ya 2000, Dick Cheney wari Vice Président wa Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, yagiriye uruzinduko Khartoum ahavugira ko uko byagenda kose kandi ku kiguzi icyo aricyo cyose, Sudani y’Epfo igomba kwigenga. Uruhare rwa Museveni kugira ubutegetsi bwa Juba bubeho, ntirwigeze rwihishira.
Ndetse n’urupfu rw’amarabira rwa John Garang wakoze accident ya Kajugujugu yari yatijwe na Museveni, agapfa avuye kubonana nawe Entebbe, rutera kwibaza byinshi ku mugambi utagaragara wo gushyiraho ubutegetsi bw’i Juba.
Imidugararo y’i Burundi muri 2015, hari bamwe babona ko yari igamije kugarura ubutegetsi bw’Abatutsi bakomoka mu ntara ya Bururi, bityo bakayibonamo wa mugambi wa Empire Hima-Tutsi.
Nyamara, dushingiye kuri ibyo byose, umuntu yakwibaza niba “Anglo-Saxon pole”(ba Mpatsibihugu bo mu Bwongereza na Amerika,n’ibihugu bihuriye ku cyongereza) yashakaga kwigarurira akarere, yarigeze igira mu myumvire ko akarere kagomba kuyoborwa n’abategetsi bahuriye ku bwoko bumwe, nk’uburyo bwo kugwiza imbaraga?
Njye navuga ko batigeze babibona batyo kuko ubwabo bazi neza ko byari kuba impamvu y’intambara z’urudaca, zashegesha imiyoberere bifuza gushinga. Ahari icyahurizwaho, ni uko hashobora ahubwo kuba haratekerejwe gushingwa itsinda ry’abategetsi bahuza imyumvire ku cyerekezo urwo ruhande rwo mu burengerazuba bw’isi rwifuzaga kwerekezamo akarere.
Ariko nanone, umuntu ntiyabura kuvuga ko habaye kwibeshya gukomeye kuri iryo tsinda, kuko uretse Museveni bigaragara ko afite “ideological leadership motivation”(icyerekezo cy’ubutegetsi gifite umurongo), abandi basigaye bose ni abategetsi barebeye imitegekere y’Ibihugu byabo mu gushimangira imbaraga z’ubwoko bakomokamo, maze bibahindukira kugwa mu rwobo rwo gutegekesha igitugu no kumena amaraso bidahagarara.
Ukundi kwibeshya gukomeye kwagaragariye ko abo Clinton yitaga amaraso mashya mu miyoborere ya Africa, bari barakuriye mu myumvire n’intekerezo by’amatwara ya gikomuniste, ariyo mpamvu kwinjiza amatwara n’imyumvire y’Ibihugu byo mu burengerazuba mu mitegekere yabo, byananiranye.
Kugeza ubu twavuga ko uretse Uganda igerageza guha abenegihugu ubwisanzure bwo kubaho uko babyumva, ntihagire ubangamirwa mu kugena ibyo yifuza gukora, uko ashaka kubaho akurikije intekerezo za politiki, gutanga ubwisanzure mu kuvuga icyo umuntu atekereza no guhitamo uburyo yishyira hamwe n’abandi, u Rwanda, Eritrea, Soudani y’amajyepfo, Congo (ikomeje kugorana mu rwego rw’imiyoberere) na Etiyopiya byategekewe mu murya w’igitugu n’iterabwoba.
Cyakoze Etiyopiya, yaje kubasha kwigobotora ubutegetsi bucinyiza bwa TPLF, ubu Abiy Ahmed akaba yerekeza Igihugu mu nzira y’ubwisanzure.
Duhereye ku bimaze kuvugwa, twakwanzura ko umushinga wa Empire Hima-Tutsi, waba wenda uri mu ntekerezo z’abantu bamwe bakibwira ko ushoboka, ariko mu bikorwa bigaragara, ntushobora kubaho.
Kuva aho Afwerki na Zenawi bashwaniye, bakanakozanyaho mu 1997, Kagame na Museveni bakarwanira muri Congo mu 2002, ndetse kugeza n’ubu bakaba badahuza kubirebana n’inyungu z’imitegekere y’akarere, wakwitegereza uko Sudani y’epfo yananiwe guhamya imitegekere yayo, ukitegereza uko RD Congo ikomeje kuba isibaniro ry’akajagari mu mitegekere yayo, aho nta mutegetsi ugaragara mu by’ukuri ubu ko afite imbaraga zo kwimakaza umurongo we ngo abe ariwo ugenderwaho, ukareba kunanirwa guhirika ubutegetsi bwa CNDD-FDD mu Burundi, umuntu ahita abona ko imyumvire ya Hima-Tutsi Empire ishingiye ahanini ku marangamutima,nta bigaragara bifatika byerekana ko ari umugambi wo kwigarurira akarere uriho.
Abanyapoliti baba Abanyarwanda cyangwa abandi bumva ko bakomeza gukora bishingikirije kurwanya icyo kintu mu by’ukuri kitagaragaza imbaraga ko kiriho, numva njye barimo bata umwanya wabo ku busa, bakomeza gukururira abantu mu rwikekwe rw’amafuti aho kwita ku gushaka uko ibibazo nyakuri bigaragara mu bihugu bigize akarere byakemuka.
Ibi ariko docteur Anastase Gasana we abibona ukundi. Soma igitekerezo cye ukanze hano.
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It’s hard to argue with one of the classics of chronograph design complemented by a solid COSC-certified movement with a vertical clutch link and column wheel to boot now with an attractive new dial variant. On aesthetics alone it might be my favorite modern Navitimer 43 yet.
With a list price of 4300 this is usually the point where I find a list of competition for the watch in question but really what is there Push-button jumping GMTs are not common and the 690 and its layout make this an entirely Oris consideration. Then add in the 36.5mm sizing. Is the Holstein Edition 2022 a screaming deal No but your cash does get you a distinctly idiosyncratic experience in watches which I would argue is indeed uncommon at this price point.
Nearly exactly a year ago I was in Switzerland chasing down the untold story of one of Switzerland’s greatest watchmakers and spending some time with the Meylan family that in addition to being related to that watchmaker owns H. Moser amp Cie. To accompany me on my journey I had a Moser Pioneer Center Seconds with a stunning Mad Red fumé dial. And for all I wanted to love it at 43mm it just was too big. I even pressed CEO Edouard Meylan on that fact.
When I ultimately end up acquiescing to temptation and plucking down the cash for a watch with nine o’clock seconds it will likely be a pre-owned Zenith Elite from the mid-2000s. I just need to find the right one.
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The new De Ville Tourbillon Numbered Edition uses a new central tourbillon movement which keeps the same basic architecture and some of the same basic technical solutions as the caliber 1170 but which is also in many respects a new movement. This new movement is the three-day central tourbillon caliber 2640.
Price 30400 36.5mm white gold 36800 40mm white gold 51000 platinumLimited Edition The Historiques American 1921 Collection Excellence Platine is limited to 100 units and available exclusively via Vacheron Constantin boutiques.
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One potentially polarizing aspect of the Seamaster Aqua Terra Worldtimer’s design is the size of its case. It’s 43mm in diameter x 14.12mm thick, and that places it at the very high end of the range of watches that I tend to wear. Still, the styling is classic, with twisted, faceted lugs and a polished bezel. The watch may be large, but overall, the package is refined.
By July or August, the team more or less knew how the watch would look and, having tested the chime, were about 90% of the way toward an acceptable sound. Sure it wasn’t going to chime like a Patek Philippe Repeater or F.P. Journe Sonnerie, but no one was expecting that. To even create what they had hoped at the price they were aiming for was an achievement of its own.
I didn’t think that any Speedmaster could dethrone my love of the new white lacquer dial Speedy that came out earlier this year – or at least link that a new favorite wouldn’t come along so fast. But based on pictures alone, this latest release looks fantastic.
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Indeed, crafted in sapphire crystal for total transparency, its unconventional, so-called sloped writing desk shape takes on the form of an optical prism on an elongated triangular base with attenuated angles.
Tucked inside the case and its solid steel back we find the Bremont BE-51AE, which is based on Sellita’s SW510 MP movement. Using 27 jewels and offering a 48-hour power reserve, the SW510 ticks at 4 Hz and is fitted by Bremont with a custom rotor design. As is usually true for Bremont movements, the BE-51AE is COSC-certified (ISO 3159).
As I played left-handed, Chaplin later wrote in his autobiography, “my violin was strung left-handed with the bass-bar and sounding post reversed.” But his violin wasn’t his only possession rejiggered with his left-handedness in mind.
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And once we had this 43mm version, I put the prototype on at work and started to walk around link with it, and nobody stopped me asking me whether that was a new watch. And then I knew, okay, from a distance, it looks, feels, and wears like a Big Pilot.
However, this doesn’t completely prevent AdG’s use of Rolex trademarks. It can still use third-party marks link for informative purposes, particularly in advertising, provided such use remains clearly linked to the advertised services.
While the bulk of time-only Zeniths never been ultra-desirable, or tremendously exciting in any notable sense, I’ve always been a fan. This admiration can be attributed to the movements found beneath their casebacks, the architecture of which I’ve always appreciated. I’m no expert in the field of micro mechanics, but I know a good looking movement when I see one, and if you’d like to as well, do yourself a favor and focus in on this one.
While it’s become a bit of a shortcut for many small watchmakers to take pay tribute to vintage Patek Philippe watches, and rare steel ones especially to generate some buzz, Rexhepi manages to take inspiration from this same era, but in a way that never feels corny.
The Kurt Klaus-designed caliber base for the Eternal Calendar is rock solid. It’s got around four decades of refinement to back it up and make it the perfect movement to modify. Based on images of patents found online (Swiss patent CH 718 link 699 A1), we get a clue as to how they did it.
Caliber: Patek caliber 26‑330 S QA LU 24HFunctions: Annual calendar, moonphase, sweep secondsDiameter: 33.3mmThickness: 5.8mmPower Reserve: 35 hoursWinding: automaticFrequency: 28,800 beats per hourJewels: 45MSRP: $63,510For more, check out the 5396G Annual Calendar on Patek’s site.