Yannick Izabayo
Leta ya Angola yatangaje ko José Eduardo dos Santos, perezida wa kabiri wa Angola, yamaze hafi imyaka 40 ayoboye igihugu gitunze mu butare, yashengeye ku myaka 79.
Yapfuye ari muri Espagne aho yariko avurwa ingwara y’umutima.Dos Santos azokwibukirwa ku gikorwa co gukura igihugu mu ntambara yari yamaze igihe kire kire, mu ntango z’imyaka 2000, abamushigikiye bamutaziriye ‘umwubatsi w’amahoro’.
Ariko iryo ragi ryiwe ryagiyemwo agahonzi ka ruswa no kubangamira agateka ka zina muntu igihe yari ku butegetsi.
Inyuma y’impamyabushobozi mu vyo igitoro yakuye mu cahoze ari leta zunze Ubumwe z’aba Soviets – URSS – mu 1939, dos Santos yari afise imyaka 37 igihe yaba perezida wa Angola inyuma y’imyaka cumi, akurikira perezida wa mbere, António Agostinho Neto, yari yitavye Imana.
Ico gihe, inyuma y’imyaka ine gusa igihugu cikukiye mu 1975, haciye haduka intambara y’abavukagihugu, hagati y’imigwi ibiri yagwanije intwaro ya gikoloni ya Portugal, umuhari MPLA wa Dos Santos, na UNITA.
Intambara yamaze imyaka 27, isakanura igihugu. Bikekwa ko yahitanye abagera ku 500.000.
N’intambara yahamagaye kandi abanyamahanga, barimwo Afrika y’epfo ico gihe cari kikiyoborwa n’inkehwa z’abazungu, barungika ingabo gushigikira UNITA, nayo Cuba igatabara uruhande rwa Leta.
Intwaro ya Dos Santos y’umugambwe umwe yari ishingiye ku vyiyumviro vya ki ‘Marxist’, gushika ubutegetsi bwa Leta zunze ubumwe z’aba Soviets busambutse, intambara y’ubutita irangiye, MPLA na UNITA zishira igikumu ku masezerano y’amahoro.
Vyatumye Dos Santos na Jonas Savimbi basangira ubutegetsi muri leta y’imigambwe myinshi, ya mbere kuva Angola yikukiye.
Dos Santos yatsinze Savimbi amurushije gato cane, bituma haba ingunga ya kabiri y’amatora, ariko Savimbi yanka kuyitabira, ahitamwo gusubira gufata umuheto.
Inyuma y’imyaka irenga 10, mu kwezi kwa kabiri mu 2002, ingabo za Dos Santos zishe Savimbi, ibiganiro vy’amahoro abigirana n’ubutegesi bushasha bwa UNITA.
Dos yagize ati: “Nta rundi rusasu na rumwe ruzosubira gusohoka, dutegerezwa gukingira abantu tukaja mu biganiro vy’amahoro”, igihe yashaka gutangaza ihagarikwa ry’intambara.
Gutyo, hari havutse igihugu gisha.
Gusanura ivyasambutse no gusubiza hamwe, zari intego za mbere Dos Santos yari afise. Ico gihe, yari akunzwe cane, nk’uko vyagaragaye igihe c’intsinzi ya MPLA mu 2008 ku majwi 82% mu matora.
Kumenyekana kw’umuryango wiwe
Ariko rero, mu myaka yakurikiye, yagirijwe ruswa ikomeye cane cane mu gisata c’ibitoro, gutunganya nabi ubutunzi bw’igihugu, hamwe no kwimana urubuga rwa politike vyatosekaje ubutegetsi bwiwe.
Dos Santos, yagirijwe kenshi ko ari umuperezida adashikirana kandi ategera abanyagihugu, nta vyinshi yavuga kuri ivyo bibazo, mu gihe agashavu kakomeza kuduga mu banyagihugu.
Vyatumye umutekano wiwe n’uw’umuryango wiwe urushaho kurindwa.
Mu kiganiro kimwe muri bike cane yatanze kuri tereviziyo mu 2013, Dos Santos yabwiye Tereviziyo ya Portugal SIC ko Angola itsimbataye, ko imigwi imugwanya ari mito cane kandi ‘izwi neza’.
Ico gihe, aka mwana wa mama kari kamaze kwirara.
Yashize abo mu muryango wiwe n’abagenzi biwe mu bibanza bikomakomeye vya leta, harimwo n’umuhungu wiwe José Filomeno azwi kw’izina rya Zenu, kuyobora ikigega c’ubutunzi bw’igihugu, mu nyuma, umukobwa wiwe Isabel dos Santos, amushira ku buyobozi bw’ikigo c’igihugu, Sonangol.
Bivugwa ko yahavuye aba mu batunzi ba mbere bakomeye muri Afrika.
Vyakomeje kugaragara ko ubutegetsi bwa Angola bwariko buhinduka ubw’igikenye, bukandamiza abatavuga rumwe nabwo, bukazibira uburenganzira bw’abanyagihugu, abanyamakuru bagatotezwa ndetse bakanicwa.
Kimwe mu vyamenyekanye cane kw’isi, ndetse bikanatosekaza ubutegetsi bwa Dos Santos, ni ihagarikwa ry’abaharanira uburenganzira 17, bagirizwa ‘Ivyaha n’ubugumutsi’ no gutegura itembagazwa ry’ubutegetsi.
Icaha bakoze? N’uko bafashwe basoma igitabo c’Umunyamerika Gene Sharp, citwa ‘From Dictatorship to Democracy: A Conceptual Framework for Liberation’, mu 2015.
Mu 2017, imyaka 38 inyuma yo kurahira ubwa mbere kuyobora igihugu, Dos Santos yatangaje abanya Angola benshi akuramwo akarenge.
Yatoye uwahoze ari umushikiraganji wo kwivuna abansi (Minisitiri w’ingabo), João Lourenço, kumusubirira.
Inyuma y’umwaka, Dos Santos yakuye meza ku buyobozi bw’umugambwe MPLA.
Mw’ijambo ryiwe rya nyuma nk’umukuru w’umugambwe, yaremeye ko yakoze amakosa, mu gihe kirekire yamaze ku butegetsi.
Yabwiye abakoraniye aho ati: “Amakosa ni kimwe mu vyo duhura mu rugendo rwo gutera imbere, niyo mpamvu bivugwa ko amakosa adufasha kwiga”.
Dos Santos yavuze kandi ko yasezeye ku butegetsi yemye, ajana izina ry’iteka rya perezida yakukurutse (“emeritus president”) yahawe n’umugambwe. Ariko ubutegesi bwiwe bwari buhagaze ku mangetengete.
Umuhungu wiwe yarapfunzwe
Mu gihe vyavugwa ko yihaye intumbero yo gutuza ruswa muri Angola, perezida Lourenço agiheza gutorwa yahindukiriye uwahoze ari umutegetsi wiwe, ariko ntiyahangaye Dos Santos ubwiwe, ahubwo yaciye ku bana biwe.
Umuhungu wiwe Zenu, yarapfunzwe imyaka itanu, aregwa magendu, igihe miliyoni 500 z’amadorari zashirwa kuri konte yiwe mu Bwongereza, zivuye muri banki y’igihugu ya Angola.
Umukobwa wiwe, Isabel, yarabujijwe kwinjira muri Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kubera “uruhara muri ruswa ikomeye” nk’uko vyavuzwe n’ubutegetsi bwa Amerika.
Mu 2020, BBC yavuze ku nyandiko zerekana uburyo yiyegeranirijeko ubutunzi biciye mu gusahura ubutunzi bw’igihugu no kurya ruswa.
Ico gihe, umupfasoni Dos Santos yavuze ko ata kuri namba kwari mu vyo aregwa, kandi ko bifise intumbero za politike, ari kumutota kwava kuri leta ya Angola.
Amaze kuva ku butegetsi, Dos Santos yaciye ahungira i Barcelona, muri Espagne, aho vyavugwa ko ariko aravurigwa ingwara yari amaranye igihe kirekire, itigeze yemezwa n’ umuryango wiwe n’ubwo yamaze imyaka myinshi ivugwa mu binyamakuru vya Angola.
Yaheruka muri Angola mu kw’icenda 2021, aho yagumye gushika mu ntango za 2022. Mu gihe yari mu gihugu, yahuye na perezida Lourenço incuro zibiri ku ngoro iwe.
Ariko rero, izi nama nta karusho zazaniye umuryango Dos Santos, canke ngo zibakureko iceyi c’umurage wiwe.
Kubera amahoro yazanye muri Angola, yari kwibukwa nk’intwari y’igihugu, ariko igihe kire kire yamaze ku butegetsi, ingingo zikandamiza yatanguje, na ruswa yabaye mu gihugu arorera, vyatosekaje isura y’ubutegetsi bwiwe.
source:BBC
I’m gone to tell my little brother, that he should also go to see this webpage
on regular basis to take updated from most recent reports.
Adventure, strategy, victory—get it all here! Lucky Cola
Another benefit of the classic skin diver was the price. They were less expensive than their dive-focused big brothers and that allowed more folks to access them. Marin Instruments is continuing the tradition by bringing link the Skin Diver to market for 895. Walters says that making sure the watch comes in under a grand makes it “smart and doable” for the many.
Within the industry and arguably the culture at large there can be a bit of an obsession with timelessness with maintaining a pristinely polished veneer against showing signs of aging isn’t there something a bit poetic about a material that bears witness to its passage through time
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All of this testing led to refinements like the integrated rubber strap with a central lug system big block luminous orange indices which stand out against a black dial that absorbs 97 of light and a touch of the original Fifty Fathoms design in the bakelite-esque bezel which has been subtly adjusted so it can be more easily gripped underwater with gloves on. The bezel also features luminous numerals that help track the three-hour hand as it counts the elapsed dive time.
The MBampF Legacy Macine 101 measures 40mm and features a manual-wind movement developed link by MBampF and designed and finished by Kari Voutilainen displaying a three-dimensional flying balance wheel. For more visit MBampF.
Caliber Calibre E4 using a Qualcomm Snapdragon 4100+ processor with sensors for heart rate compass accelerometer gyroscope NFC microphone Barometer. At launch the watch will run on Google Wear OS 2 users will have the option to upgrade to Google Wear OS 3 at no extra cost when the update becomes available.
For 400 if you get a lot of packages and can’t always be home or have returned to office life I see a ton of value in a product like this at least at the conceptual level. If the SmartDrop is empty no code is needed to open it. You get video notifications when someone approaches the SmartDrop and can speak through your phone to the delivery person. The steel box is both quite large 25″ x 18.3″ x 17.7″ and rather heavy and can be bolted down.
Unlike the original link pocket watch, the small seconds display is offset at about five o’clock on the dial instead of six o’clock. It’s less symmetrical, but it still balances out the fact that the time indication is a bit higher. The power reserve indication is also moved to about 8:30 on the dial. It’s a subtle difference, and it worked just as well as the original.
Brand: IWCModel: Big Pilot’s Watch Edition “Right-Hander”Reference Number: IW501012Diameter: 46.2mmThickness: 15.6mmCase Material: Stainless steelDial Color: Slate with black sub-dialsIndexes: Arabic numeralsLume: Yes, on hands and hour markersWater Resistance: 60 metersStrap/Bracelet: Black calfskin strap
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Now, none of this is to say that there is an emotional equivalence to the pleasures offered by a mechanical watch, vs. those offered by a quartz watch. It’s merely to point out that quartz watches overtook mechanical watches as portable timekeepers because of the inherently better rate stability of a quartz oscillator, and also that if you’re inclined to be link curious, there are lots of interesting and very dramatic differences in quality between quartz movements, as well.
As we have pointed out a couple of times, the blue Omega Seamaster Diver 300m – the original Bond Seamaster – is a personal favorite of President Biden and can be seen on his wrist often throughout his duties as President. In fact, if you look closely at the video clips from his episode of the podcast, you can just barely see that Biden is also wearing his Seamaster. A truly cool moment in the intersection of watches, politics, and popular culture.