José Eduardo dos Santos yatuvuyemo….yari muntu ki?

Ange Eric Hatangimana

Yannick Izabayo

Leta ya Angola yatangaje ko José Eduardo dos Santos, perezida wa kabiri wa Angola, yamaze hafi imyaka 40 ayoboye igihugu gitunze mu butare, yashengeye ku myaka 79.

Yapfuye ari muri Espagne aho yariko avurwa ingwara y’umutima.Dos Santos azokwibukirwa ku gikorwa co gukura igihugu mu ntambara yari yamaze igihe kire kire, mu ntango z’imyaka 2000, abamushigikiye bamutaziriye ‘umwubatsi w’amahoro’.

Ariko iryo ragi ryiwe ryagiyemwo agahonzi ka ruswa no kubangamira agateka ka zina muntu igihe yari ku butegetsi.

Inyuma y’impamyabushobozi mu vyo igitoro yakuye mu cahoze ari leta zunze Ubumwe z’aba Soviets – URSS – mu 1939, dos Santos yari afise imyaka 37 igihe yaba perezida wa Angola inyuma y’imyaka cumi, akurikira perezida wa mbere, António Agostinho Neto, yari yitavye Imana.

Ico gihe, inyuma y’imyaka ine gusa igihugu cikukiye mu 1975, haciye haduka intambara y’abavukagihugu, hagati y’imigwi ibiri yagwanije intwaro ya gikoloni ya Portugal, umuhari MPLA wa Dos Santos, na UNITA.

Intambara yamaze imyaka 27, isakanura igihugu. Bikekwa ko yahitanye abagera ku 500.000.

N’intambara yahamagaye kandi abanyamahanga, barimwo Afrika y’epfo ico gihe cari kikiyoborwa n’inkehwa z’abazungu, barungika ingabo gushigikira UNITA, nayo Cuba igatabara uruhande rwa Leta.

Dos Santos n’umukuru wa Unita Jonas Savimbi
Dos Santos n’umukuru wa Unita Jonas Savimbi (iburyo), mu 1995, barashimiwe ku ntambwe y’amahoro bateye

Intwaro ya Dos Santos y’umugambwe umwe yari ishingiye ku vyiyumviro vya ki ‘Marxist’, gushika ubutegetsi bwa Leta zunze ubumwe z’aba Soviets busambutse, intambara y’ubutita irangiye, MPLA na UNITA zishira igikumu ku masezerano y’amahoro.

Vyatumye Dos Santos na Jonas Savimbi basangira ubutegetsi muri leta y’imigambwe myinshi, ya mbere kuva Angola yikukiye.

Dos Santos yatsinze Savimbi amurushije gato cane, bituma haba ingunga ya kabiri y’amatora, ariko Savimbi yanka kuyitabira, ahitamwo gusubira gufata umuheto.

Inyuma y’imyaka irenga 10, mu kwezi kwa kabiri mu 2002, ingabo za Dos Santos zishe Savimbi, ibiganiro vy’amahoro abigirana n’ubutegesi bushasha bwa UNITA.

Dos yagize ati: “Nta rundi rusasu na rumwe ruzosubira gusohoka, dutegerezwa gukingira abantu tukaja mu biganiro vy’amahoro”, igihe yashaka gutangaza ihagarikwa ry’intambara.

Gutyo, hari havutse igihugu gisha.

Gusanura ivyasambutse no gusubiza hamwe, zari intego za mbere Dos Santos yari afise. Ico gihe, yari akunzwe cane, nk’uko vyagaragaye igihe c’intsinzi ya MPLA mu 2008  ku majwi 82% mu matora.

Kumenyekana kw’umuryango wiwe

Ariko rero, mu myaka yakurikiye, yagirijwe ruswa ikomeye cane cane mu gisata c’ibitoro, gutunganya nabi ubutunzi bw’igihugu, hamwe no kwimana urubuga rwa politike vyatosekaje ubutegetsi bwiwe.

Dos Santos, yagirijwe kenshi ko ari umuperezida adashikirana kandi ategera abanyagihugu, nta vyinshi yavuga kuri ivyo bibazo, mu gihe agashavu kakomeza kuduga mu banyagihugu.

Vyatumye umutekano wiwe n’uw’umuryango wiwe urushaho kurindwa.

Mu kiganiro kimwe muri bike cane yatanze kuri tereviziyo mu 2013, Dos Santos yabwiye Tereviziyo ya Portugal SIC ko Angola itsimbataye, ko imigwi imugwanya ari mito cane kandi ‘izwi neza’.

Ico gihe, aka mwana wa mama kari kamaze kwirara.

Yashize abo mu muryango wiwe n’abagenzi biwe mu bibanza bikomakomeye vya leta, harimwo n’umuhungu wiwe José Filomeno  azwi kw’izina rya Zenu, kuyobora ikigega c’ubutunzi bw’igihugu, mu nyuma, umukobwa wiwe Isabel dos Santos, amushira ku buyobozi bw’ikigo c’igihugu, Sonangol.

Bivugwa ko yahavuye aba mu batunzi ba mbere bakomeye muri Afrika.

Vyakomeje kugaragara ko ubutegetsi bwa Angola bwariko buhinduka ubw’igikenye, bukandamiza abatavuga rumwe nabwo, bukazibira uburenganzira bw’abanyagihugu, abanyamakuru bagatotezwa ndetse bakanicwa.

Kimwe mu vyamenyekanye cane kw’isi, ndetse bikanatosekaza ubutegetsi bwa Dos Santos, ni ihagarikwa ry’abaharanira uburenganzira 17, bagirizwa ‘Ivyaha n’ubugumutsi’ no gutegura itembagazwa ry’ubutegetsi.

Icaha bakoze? N’uko bafashwe basoma igitabo c’Umunyamerika Gene Sharp, citwa ‘From Dictatorship to Democracy: A Conceptual Framework for Liberation’, mu 2015.

Dos Santos yakurikiwe ku butegetsi na Joao Lourenço
Dos Santos yibaza ko Joao Lourenço (iburyo) atazoshobora ‘kunyiganza ubwato’

Mu 2017, imyaka 38 inyuma yo kurahira ubwa mbere kuyobora igihugu, Dos Santos yatangaje abanya Angola benshi akuramwo akarenge.

Yatoye uwahoze ari umushikiraganji wo kwivuna abansi (Minisitiri w’ingabo), João Lourenço, kumusubirira.

Inyuma y’umwaka, Dos Santos yakuye meza ku buyobozi bw’umugambwe MPLA.

Mw’ijambo ryiwe rya nyuma nk’umukuru w’umugambwe, yaremeye ko yakoze amakosa, mu gihe kirekire yamaze ku butegetsi.

Yabwiye abakoraniye aho ati: “Amakosa ni kimwe mu vyo duhura mu rugendo rwo gutera imbere, niyo mpamvu bivugwa ko amakosa adufasha kwiga”.

Dos Santos yavuze kandi ko yasezeye ku butegetsi yemye, ajana izina ry’iteka rya perezida yakukurutse (“emeritus president”) yahawe n’umugambwe. Ariko ubutegesi bwiwe bwari buhagaze ku mangetengete.

Umuhungu wiwe yarapfunzwe

Mu gihe vyavugwa ko yihaye intumbero yo gutuza ruswa muri Angola, perezida Lourenço agiheza gutorwa yahindukiriye uwahoze ari umutegetsi wiwe, ariko ntiyahangaye Dos Santos ubwiwe, ahubwo yaciye ku bana biwe.

Umuhungu wiwe Zenu, yarapfunzwe imyaka itanu, aregwa magendu, igihe miliyoni 500 z’amadorari zashirwa kuri konte yiwe mu Bwongereza, zivuye muri banki y’igihugu ya Angola.

Umukobwa wiwe, Isabel, yarabujijwe kwinjira muri Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kubera “uruhara muri ruswa ikomeye” nk’uko vyavuzwe n’ubutegetsi bwa Amerika.

Mu 2020, BBC yavuze ku nyandiko zerekana uburyo yiyegeranirijeko ubutunzi  biciye mu gusahura ubutunzi bw’igihugu no kurya ruswa.

Ico gihe, umupfasoni Dos Santos yavuze ko ata kuri namba kwari mu vyo aregwa, kandi ko bifise intumbero za politike, ari kumutota kwava kuri leta ya Angola.

Dos Santos mu kiganiro i Paris
Dos Santos mu kiganiro i Paris yari amaze imyaka 5 ku butegetsi

Amaze kuva ku butegetsi, Dos Santos yaciye ahungira i Barcelona, muri Espagne, aho vyavugwa ko ariko aravurigwa ingwara yari amaranye igihe kirekire, itigeze yemezwa n’ umuryango wiwe n’ubwo yamaze imyaka myinshi ivugwa mu binyamakuru vya Angola.

Yaheruka muri Angola mu kw’icenda 2021, aho yagumye gushika mu ntango za 2022. Mu gihe yari mu gihugu, yahuye na perezida Lourenço incuro zibiri ku ngoro iwe.

Ariko rero, izi nama nta karusho zazaniye umuryango Dos Santos, canke ngo zibakureko iceyi c’umurage wiwe.

Kubera amahoro yazanye muri Angola, yari kwibukwa nk’intwari y’igihugu, ariko igihe kire kire yamaze ku butegetsi, ingingo zikandamiza yatanguje, na ruswa yabaye mu gihugu arorera, vyatosekaje isura y’ubutegetsi bwiwe.

source:BBC

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