Océanographie : qu’est-ce que le royaume des abysses, l’écosystème le moins connu de la Terre que les scientifiques commencent à découvrir ?

Navire de recherche allemand Sonne
Légende image,Cette nouvelle étude a été rendue possible grâce aux efforts de 15 expéditions internationales qui ont collecté des échantillons de la zone abyssale dans tous les océans. Sur la photo, le navire de recherche allemand Sonne.

C’est la région la moins explorée de la planète, bien qu’elle occupe plus de 60 % de la croûte terrestre.

La zone abyssale, également connue sous le nom de “royaume abyssal”, est une couche de l’océan profond où se trouve une grande partie des fonds marins.

C’est un monde aux conditions extrêmes, mais qui abrite une grande richesse de vie.

Des scientifiques de huit pays ont réalisé la plus grande analyse à ce jour d’ADN provenant d’eau et de sédiments des profondeurs océaniques.

L’étude, qui vient d’être publiée dans la revue Science Advances, révèle que de nombreuses espèces vivant dans le royaume abyssal sont totalement nouvelles pour la science.

Trois experts espagnols, auteurs de l’étude, ont expliqué à BBC Mundo ce qu’est la zone abyssale, quelles sont les principales conclusions de cette nouvelle recherche et pourquoi il est urgent de protéger ce monde presque inconnu.

Qu’est-ce que le royaume des abysses et où commence-t-il ?

“C’est la zone des océans qui commence à une profondeur de 4 000 mètres”, déclare Covadonga Orejas Saco del Valle, chercheur au Centre océanographique de Gijón, qui fait partie de l’Institut espagnol d’océanographie (CSIC).

“On dit qu’il s’agit de la dernière frontière, car nous en savons très peu à son sujet. En fait, les surfaces de la Lune et de Mars sont cartographiées dans leur intégralité, mais seulement 20 % du plancher océanique a été cartographié à ce jour”, ajoute l’expert espagnol.

La zone abyssale atteint jusqu’à 6 000 mètres, et de là commence ce que l’on appelle la zone hadale.

Navire de recherche allemand Sonne
Légende image,Cette nouvelle étude a été rendue possible grâce aux efforts de 15 expéditions internationales qui ont collecté des échantillons de la zone abyssale dans tous les océans. Sur la photo, le navire de recherche allemand Sonne.

Une grande partie du plancher océanique se trouve à des profondeurs d’environ 4 000 à 5 500 mètres.

“Il existe encore d’autres parties dans les tranchées où l’on peut descendre à 10 000, 15 000 mètres, mais cela ne représente que 5 ou 6 % de la planète”, indique Pedro Martínez Arbizu, biologiste marin et chercheur au musée d’histoire naturelle Senckenberg en Allemagne.

À quoi ressemble ce monde extrême et qui y vit ?

Dans la zone abyssale, la pression est très élevée. “(Il y a) 500 à 600 atmosphères de pression, 500 à 600 fois plus que la pression atmosphérique que nous avons à la surface”, précise Martínez Arbizu.

En revanche, selon Orejas Saco del Valle, “les températures sont très basses (entre 2 et 3 degrés) et il n’y a pas de lumière”.

“La faune est variée, appartenant à différents groupes taxonomiques, des organismes minuscules aux différentes espèces de poissons, et cette étude montre qu’elle est encore plus diversifiée qu’on ne le pensait auparavant”, ajoute-t-elle.

Comme aucune lumière n’atteint ces profondeurs, la photosynthèse n’est pas possible.

Fondo marino
Légende image,Aucune lumière n’atteint la zone abyssale.

Dans la zone abyssale, les organismes “se nourrissent uniquement de ce qui tombe de la surface de l’océan dans ce que nous appelons la neige marine”, souligne M. Martínez Arbizu.

“Ce sont les restes d’algues et les restes des carcasses des petits habitants zoo planctoniques qui tombent peu à peu et atteignent ces profondeurs.

Cependant, seuls 5 % de ce qui est produit à la surface se retrouvent en bas, a ajouté le scientifique. Le reste est consommé à la surface ou en transit dans la colonne d’eau.

Organisme au fond de la mer dans la zone abyssale
Légende image,Dans la zone abyssale, les organismes se nourrissent de ce qui tombe de la surface de l’océan dans ce qu’on appelle la neige marine.

Ramon Massana, chercheur à l’Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC) de Barcelone et spécialiste de l’écologie microbienne, explique que les organismes vivant dans les sédiments abyssaux comprennent une grande variété d’animaux (nématodes, crustacés, annélides) ainsi que des eucaryotes et procaryotes microbiens. “Ce sont des espèces qui sont totalement adaptées à ces conditions extrêmes”.

Les eucaryotes sont les organismes, tels que les plantes et les animaux – y compris les humains – qui sont composés de cellules eucaryotes, lesquelles possèdent un noyau différencié protégé par une membrane.

Les procaryotes, quant à eux, sont des micro-organismes tels que les bactéries, dont les cellules – les procaryotes – ne possèdent pas de noyau distinct et dans lesquelles le matériel génétique est dispersé dans le cytoplasme).

Pourquoi sait-on si peu de choses sur le royaume des abysses ?

Cette étude est le résultat d’un vaste effort international au cours duquel des échantillons provenant de 15 expéditions internationales ont été analysés.

“C’est un écosystème difficile d’accès, nous en savons donc si peu. Et la réalisation de ces recherches est très coûteuse. D’où l’importance de mettre en commun les efforts et les ressources et d’établir des collaborations internationales comme celle que montre cette recherche”, note Orejas Saco del Valle.

Covadonga Orejas Saco del Valle observant un organisme océanique au microscope.
Légende image,Covadonga Orejas Saco del Valle est chercheur au Centre océanographique de Gijón, qui fait partie de l’Institut espagnol d’océanographie (CSIC).

Martínez Arbizu souligne, par exemple, que pour prélever un échantillon avec une drague à une profondeur de 5 000 mètres, un navire doit disposer d’un câble de plus de 10 km, et peu de navires ont cette capacité.

Que révèle l’étude ?

Les scientifiques ont analysé 1 700 échantillons d’eau et de sédiments provenant de la zone abyssale, ainsi que deux mille milliards de séquences d’ADN.

Les résultats de ce séquençage massif ont été à leur tour comparés à des échantillons provenant de différents niveaux de la colonne d’eau dans tous les océans du monde.

“La principale découverte a été de caractériser la grande diversité qui habite les profondeurs abyssales et hadales, et combien il reste à y découvrir”, commente Orejas Saco del Valle.

“L’étude montre que la diversité du plancher océanique, que l’on pensait inférieure à celle de la colonne d’eau, est très élevée, en fait jusqu’à trois fois supérieure. Cela nous donne une nouvelle image de la vie sur les fonds océaniques sédimentaires”, ajoute-t-elle.

Organisme au fond de la mer dans la zone abyssale
Légende image,La diversité des espèces dans la zone abyssale est jusqu’à trois fois plus élevée que dans la colonne d’eau.

“C’est surprenant”, fait remarquer Martínez Arbizu, “car en fait, presque tous les groupes d’animaux ont une famille qui est représentée sur le plateau abyssal.

“Il peut s’agir d’étoiles de mer, de crustacés comme les petites crevettes, de coraux, d’éponges, mais ce sont des formes différentes de ce que nous connaissons en surface.

Environ deux tiers de cette diversité ne peuvent être attribués à aucun groupe connu.

“Ces espèces sont nouvelles, personne ne les a encore étudiées, il n’y a pas de références dans les bases de données internationales. Souvent, nous ne savons pas à quel groupe d’animaux ils appartiennent”, poursuit M. Martínez Arbizu.

Orejas Saco del Valle signale que l’ADN ancien déposé dans les sédiments contribuera également à reconstituer les caractéristiques passées de l’océan.

Pourquoi l’étude présente-t-elle une vision unifiée de l’ADN dans l’océan ?

L’étude représente la première vision unifiée de la biodiversité eucaryote dans les océans à l’échelle mondiale, basée sur l’analyse de l’ADN de la surface de l’océan aux sédiments océaniques profonds.

Les résultats permettront donc d’aborder pour la première fois des questions d’écologie marine à l’échelle mondiale.

“Avant cette étude, les résultats de campagnes de circumnavigation, telles que les expéditions Malaspina et TaraOceans, avaient été publiés, ce qui avait permis de caractériser la diversité du plancton microbien eucaryote au niveau de l’océan mondial, mais la connaissance de la diversité dans les sédiments profonds était très partielle et fragmentée”, explique Ramon Massana.

“Cette étude rassemble les données de 15 expéditions internationales dans les sédiments profonds, ce qui permet également d’avoir une vision globale de la diversité benthique. (Benthos, ou fond marin en grec, est une référence aux organismes vivant au fond de l’océan, par opposition à ceux qui vivent dans la colonne d’eau, comme le plancton).

M. Massana ajoute que grâce à ces nouvelles recherches, “pour la première fois, nous pouvons comparer ces deux composantes, plancton et benthos, à l’échelle mondiale”.

Quel rôle le royaume abyssal joue-t-il dans la “pompe biologique” ?

Un aspect essentiel de l’étude est que les scientifiques ont pu différencier l’ADN des organismes planctoniques dont les restes sont tombés au fond de l’océan de l’ADN des organismes indigènes vivant dans la zone abyssale.

Cette distinction permet de mieux comprendre ce que l’on appelle la “pompe biologique” : le processus qui transfère le dioxyde de carbone atmosphérique vers les profondeurs de l’océan, régulant ainsi le climat mondial et atténuant l’impact du changement climatique.

Ramon Massana
Légende image,Ramon Massana est un scientifique de l’Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC) à Barcelone et un spécialiste de l’écologie microbienne.

“Les écosystèmes benthiques d’eau profonde sont à la base de deux services écosystémiques d’importance mondiale”, selon M. Massana.

D’une part, ils participent au recyclage des nutriments inorganiques, dit-il. “La matière organique qui atteint ces régions est reminéralisée, et les nutriments inorganiques finissent par retourner dans les couches de surface pour permettre la photosynthèse.

“D’autre part, une partie du carbone sédimenté est stockée dans les sédiments à des échelles de temps géologiques”, poursuit-il.

“Cela constitue la pompe à carbone biologique : la photosynthèse capte le CO2 atmosphérique, une petite partie sédimente et est séquestrée dans les sédiments profonds.”

“Ce processus contribue actuellement à atténuer partiellement les effets de l’apport de CO2 dans l’atmosphère résultant de l’utilisation de combustibles fossiles.

Espèces trouvées au fond de l'océan
Légende image,Environ deux tiers de la diversité trouvée dans le royaume abyssal ne peuvent être attribués à aucun groupe connu.

S’agit-il d’un écosystème menacé ?

Orejas Saco del Valle souligne la pertinence des informations de l’étude pour concevoir des stratégies de gestion et de protection appropriées pour les écosystèmes des grands fonds marins, “qui sont uniques et très importants sur le plan fonctionnel”.

Le royaume abyssal “est comme un trésor”, définit Martínez Arbizu. Et il rappelle que ses organismes peuvent contenir des enzymes ou d’autres produits potentiellement nécessaires.

“C’est la même chose qui se passe avec la forêt amazonienne : si nous détruisons toute cette diversité, peut-être perdrons-nous la capacité de trouver des solutions aux problèmes que nous aurons à l’avenir”.

Fondo marino
Légende image,Aucune lumière n’atteint la zone abyssale.

L’extraction de minéraux du fond des océans suscite actuellement un intérêt croissant.

“Pour autant que nous le sachions, les effets seront plutôt négatifs”, a déclaré M. Martínez Arbizu.

“Les zones qui peuvent être touchées par l’exploitation minière, par exemple des nodules de manganèse, sont assez vastes.

“En raison de la température très basse, tous les processus vitaux de la faune qui y vit sont très lents. Si vous endommagez un écosystème en eau profonde, il faudra de nombreuses années pour qu’il se rétablisse. Nous pensons à 50, 100, 200 ans, voire plus.

294 thoughts on “Océanographie : qu’est-ce que le royaume des abysses, l’écosystème le moins connu de la Terre que les scientifiques commencent à découvrir ?

  1. This is the right blog for anyone who wants to find out about this topic. You realize so much its almost hard to argue with you (not that I actually would want…HaHa). You definitely put a new spin on a topic thats been written about for years. Great stuff, just great!

  2. What i don’t understood is if truth be told how you are no longer really a lot more neatly-appreciated than you might be now. You’re so intelligent. You already know therefore significantly when it comes to this topic, produced me for my part imagine it from numerous numerous angles. Its like men and women don’t seem to be involved unless it is something to accomplish with Girl gaga! Your individual stuffs excellent. All the time maintain it up!

  3. Pretty great post. I just stumbled upon your weblog and wanted to mention that I have truly loved browsing your blog posts. In any case I will be subscribing on your rss feed and I hope you write again very soon!

  4. Have you ever thought about publishing an e-book or guest
    authoring on other blogs? I have a blog based on the same information you discuss and would really like to have you share some stories/information. I know
    my viewers would value your work. If you are even remotely interested, feel free to shoot me an e mail.

  5. Do you have a spam problem on this website; I also am a blogger, and I was curious about your
    situation; many of us have created some nice methods and we are looking
    to trade methods with others, please shoot me an email if interested.

  6. Great beat ! I would like to apprentice while you amend your web site, how could i subscribe for a
    blog site? The account aided me a acceptable deal.
    I had been a little bit acquainted of this your broadcast
    provided bright clear idea

  7. Can I simply say what a comfort to uncover somebody who genuinely knows what they’re talking about
    on the web. You actually realize how to bring an issue to light
    and make it important. A lot more people must look at this and understand this side of the
    story. It’s surprising you aren’t more popular since you surely possess the gift.

  8. Whats up this is kind of of off topic but I was wondering if blogs use WYSIWYG editors or if
    you have to manually code with HTML. I’m starting a blog
    soon but have no coding know-how so I wanted to get guidance from someone with
    experience. Any help would be enormously appreciated!

  9. whoah this blog is magnificent i love studying your articles.
    Keep up the good work! You recognize, lots of persons are looking around for this info, you could aid them greatly.

  10. Hi there would you mind stating which blog platform you’re working with?
    I’m going to start my own blog in the near future
    but I’m having a hard time choosing between BlogEngine/Wordpress/B2evolution and Drupal.

    The reason I ask is because your design seems different then most blogs and I’m looking for something unique.
    P.S My apologies for being off-topic but I had to
    ask!

  11. Hmm it seems like your website ate my first comment (it was super
    long) so I guess I’ll just sum it up what I submitted and say, I’m thoroughly enjoying your blog.
    I as well am an aspiring blog blogger but I’m still new to the whole thing.
    Do you have any points for inexperienced blog writers?

    I’d certainly appreciate it.

  12. Hi there! I realize this is sort of off-topic however I had to ask.
    Does operating a well-established blog such as yours require a large amount of work?
    I’m completely new to blogging but I do write in my
    journal on a daily basis. I’d like to start a blog
    so I can share my personal experience and views
    online. Please let me know if you have any recommendations or tips for new aspiring bloggers.
    Appreciate it!

  13. My spouse and I stumbled over here by a different website and thought I may as well check
    things out. I like what I see so now i’m following
    you. Look forward to looking over your web
    page for a second time.

  14. Thanks for finally writing about > Océanographie :
    qu’est-ce que le royaume des abysses, l’écosystème le moins connu de la Terre que les scientifiques commencent à
    découvrir ? – Afriquela1ère < Loved it!

  15. My spouse and I stumbled over here by a different page and thought I might as well check things
    out. I like what I see so now i’m following you. Look forward to looking over
    your web page repeatedly.

  16. Wonderful website you have here but I was curious about if you knew of
    any message boards that cover the same topics talked about here?

    I’d really like to be a part of online community where I
    can get opinions from other knowledgeable individuals that share the
    same interest. If you have any suggestions, please
    let me know. Thanks!

  17. Wow, awesome blog layout! How long have you been blogging for?
    you make blogging look easy. The overall look of your web site is excellent, let alone the content!

  18. It’s in reality a nice and helpful piece of info.
    I am satisfied that you shared this useful info with us. Please keep us up to date like
    this. Thanks for sharing.

  19. Someone essentially help to make severely articles I would state.
    This is the very first time I frequented your web page and thus far?
    I surprised with the research you made to create this particular submit
    amazing. Fantastic task!

  20. Thanks for your marvelous posting! I really enjoyed reading it, you may be a great author.

    I will always bookmark your blog and will eventually come back someday.
    I want to encourage you to definitely continue your great writing, have a nice afternoon!

  21. Oh my goodness! Incredible article dude! Thank you, However I am
    having troubles with your RSS. I don’t understand the reason why
    I can’t join it. Is there anybody else getting the same RSS problems?
    Anybody who knows the answer will you kindly respond?

    Thanks!!

  22. Excellent post. I was checking constantly this blog and I am impressed!

    Extremely helpful info specifically the last part
    🙂 I care for such information a lot. I was seeking this
    particular information for a very long time.

    Thank you and best of luck.

  23. Hi, I do believe this is an excellent website. I stumbledupon it 😉 I’m going to come back once again since i have book-marked it.
    Money and freedom is the best way to change, may you be rich and continue to help others.

  24. I like the valuable information you provide in your articles.

    I’ll bookmark your blog and check again here frequently.
    I am quite sure I’ll learn a lot of new stuff right here!

    Best of luck for the next!

  25. Amazing blog! Do you have any helpful hints for
    aspiring writers? I’m hoping to start my own site soon but
    I’m a little lost on everything. Would you advise starting with a free platform like
    Wordpress or go for a paid option? There are so many options
    out there that I’m totally confused .. Any tips? Thanks a lot!

  26. With havin so much content do you ever run into any problems of
    plagorism or copyright violation? My site has a lot of exclusive content I’ve either authored myself or outsourced but it seems a lot of it is popping it up
    all over the internet without my agreement. Do you know any
    methods to help protect against content from being stolen? I’d
    genuinely appreciate it.

  27. Great post. I was checking continuously this blog and I’m impressed!
    Extremely useful info particularly the last part 🙂 I
    care for such information much. I was seeking this
    certain info for a very long time. Thank you
    and good luck.

  28. I’m not sure exactly why but this web site is loading
    extremely slow for me. Is anyone else having this issue or is it a
    issue on my end? I’ll check back later on and see
    if the problem still exists.

  29. Thanks for your marvelous posting! I really enjoyed reading it, you will be a great author.
    I will make sure to bookmark your blog and will often come back in the foreseeable
    future. I want to encourage continue your great writing, have a
    nice evening!

  30. Hey there just wanted to give you a quick heads up.
    The text in your article seem to be running off the screen in Opera.
    I’m not sure if this is a formatting issue or something
    to do with web browser compatibility but I thought I’d post to let you know.

    The design look great though! Hope you get the
    problem resolved soon. Many thanks

  31. 와~ 진짜 내가 원하던 정보들이네. 똑같이 해줘야되겠는데, 나도 보답해주고 싶은데요 그거아시나 혹시 돈 버는 방법 이렇게 가치있는 내용를 제가 드리겠습니다.
    한번 확인 해보시죠!

  32. After I initially left a comment I seem to have clicked on the -Notify me when new comments are added-
    checkbox and now each time a comment is added I receive four emails with the same comment.
    Perhaps there is a means you can remove me from that
    service? Many thanks!

  33. You actually make it appear really easy along with
    your presentation however I in finding this matter to be actually something which I think
    I’d never understand. It sort of feels too complicated and very
    extensive for me. I’m taking a look ahead to your next post, I will try
    to get the grasp of it!

  34. Hey there excellent website! Does running a blog similar
    to this require a massive amount work? I’ve virtually no understanding of coding
    but I had been hoping to start my own blog in the near future.
    Anyway, if you have any ideas or tips for new blog owners please share.
    I understand this is off topic but I simply had to ask.
    Thank you!

  35. You’re so awesome! I do not think I’ve truly read through anything like this before.
    So good to discover another person with a few genuine thoughts on this subject matter.
    Seriously.. thank you for starting this up. This site is something that’s needed on the web,
    someone with a little originality!

  36. You really make it seem so easy with your presentation but I find this matter
    to be actually something which I think I would never understand.
    It seems too complex and very broad for me. I’m looking forward for your next post, I will try to get the hang
    of it!

  37. Oh my goodness! Incredible article dude! Many thanks, However I am going through troubles with your RSS.
    I don’t understand why I am unable to join it. Is there anybody getting the same RSS issues?
    Anybody who knows the solution will you kindly respond?
    Thanks!!

  38. I love your blog.. very nice colors & theme. Did you create this website yourself or did you hire someone to do it for you?

    Plz respond as I’m looking to construct my own blog and would like to know where
    u got this from. appreciate it

  39. Do you have a spam problem on this site; I also am a blogger, and I was curious about your situation; many of us have created some nice procedures and we are looking to
    swap methods with other folks, be sure to shoot me an e-mail
    if interested.

  40. When I initially commented I clicked the “Notify me when new comments are added” checkbox and now each time a comment
    is added I get four emails with the same comment. Is there any way you can remove people
    from that service? Thanks a lot!

  41. I’ve been browsing online more than 2 hours today, yet I never found any interesting article like yours.
    It is pretty worth enough for me. In my view, if all
    web owners and bloggers made good content as you did, the net will be much more useful than ever before.

  42. Hey there would you mind stating which blog platform you’re working
    with? I’m looking to start my own blog in the near future but I’m having
    a hard time deciding between BlogEngine/Wordpress/B2evolution and Drupal.
    The reason I ask is because your design and style seems
    different then most blogs and I’m looking for something
    unique. P.S My apologies for being off-topic but
    I had to ask!

  43. Unquestionably believe that which you said. Your favorite justification seemed to be on the
    net the easiest thing to be aware of. I say to you, I definitely get irked while people consider worries that they just
    don’t know about. You managed to hit the nail upon the top and defined out the whole thing without having side effect
    , people can take a signal. Will probably be back to get more.
    Thanks

  44. Greetings! This is my first visit to your blog!
    We are a group of volunteers and starting a new project in a community in the same niche.
    Your blog provided us beneficial information to work on. You have done
    a outstanding job!

  45. I know this if off topic but I’m looking into starting my own weblog
    and was curious what all is needed to get set up? I’m assuming having
    a blog like yours would cost a pretty penny? I’m not very web smart so I’m
    not 100% positive. Any recommendations or advice would be greatly appreciated.
    Kudos

  46. Hi are using WordPress for your blog platform? I’m new to the blog world but I’m trying
    to get started and set up my own. Do you need any coding expertise to make
    your own blog? Any help would be really appreciated!

  47. Thanks for your personal marvelous posting! I definitely
    enjoyed reading it, you will be a great author.I will ensure that I
    bookmark your blog and will eventually come back down the road.
    I want to encourage you to definitely continue your great job, have a nice evening!

  48. Hi, I do think your website could be having internet browser compatibility problems.
    Whenever I look at your website in Safari, it looks fine however when opening in Internet Explorer, it’s got some
    overlapping issues. I simply wanted to give you a quick
    heads up! Apart from that, fantastic blog!

  49. Hey! I could have sworn I’ve been to this blog before but after browsing
    through some of the post I realized it’s new to me.
    Anyways, I’m definitely happy I found it and I’ll be book-marking and checking back frequently!

  50. Hi there just wanted to give you a quick heads up. The words in your article seem to be running off the
    screen in Safari. I’m not sure if this is a formatting issue or something
    to do with internet browser compatibility but I figured I’d post to let you know.
    The design and style look great though! Hope you get the problem fixed
    soon. Thanks

  51. Hey! Quick question that’s totally off topic. Do you know how to make your site mobile friendly?

    My blog looks weird when browsing from my iphone.
    I’m trying to find a theme or plugin that might be able to resolve
    this issue. If you have any recommendations, please
    share. Appreciate it!

  52. Simply desire to say your article is as astonishing. The clarity in your submit is simply nice and that i
    can think you are a professional in this subject. Well along with your permission allow me to take hold of your RSS feed to keep up to date with forthcoming
    post. Thank you one million and please carry on the rewarding work.

  53. Hi there I am so happy I found your blog page, I really found you by accident, while I was
    looking on Google for something else, Nonetheless I am here
    now and would just like to say thanks for a remarkable
    post and a all round entertaining blog (I also love the
    theme/design), I don’t have time to read it all at the minute but I have book-marked it and also included
    your RSS feeds, so when I have time I will be back to read much more, Please do keep
    up the awesome job.

  54. Hello would you mind stating which blog platform you’re using?

    I’m going to start my own blog soon but I’m having a tough
    time making a decision between BlogEngine/Wordpress/B2evolution and Drupal.
    The reason I ask is because your design seems different then most blogs and I’m looking for
    something unique. P.S My apologies for being off-topic
    but I had to ask!

  55. you’re truly a just right webmaster. The site loading speed is incredible.
    It seems that you’re doing any unique trick.

    Also, The contents are masterpiece. you have done a fantastic process on this subject!

  56. I absolutely love your blog and find many of your post’s to be exactly what I’m looking for.

    Do you offer guest writers to write content available for you?
    I wouldn’t mind writing a post or elaborating on a few of the subjects you
    write about here. Again, awesome site!

  57. I was suggested this blog by my cousin. I am not sure whether this post is written by him as no
    one else know such detailed about my difficulty. You are amazing!

    Thanks!

  58. Thanks , I’ve just been searching for info approximately this subject for a while
    and yours is the best I’ve discovered till now.
    However, what concerning the bottom line? Are you
    certain concerning the source?

  59. Hi there would you mind letting me know which web host
    you’re utilizing? I’ve loaded your blog in 3 different web browsers and I
    must say this blog loads a lot quicker then most.
    Can you recommend a good internet hosting provider at a honest price?
    Many thanks, I appreciate it!

  60. Hmm it looks like your site ate my first comment (it was super
    long) so I guess I’ll just sum it up what I wrote and say, I’m thoroughly enjoying your blog.
    I too am an aspiring blog writer but I’m still new to everything.
    Do you have any helpful hints for novice blog writers?
    I’d genuinely appreciate it.

  61. This is very interesting, You’re a very skilled blogger.
    I’ve joined your feed and look forward to seeking more of
    your wonderful post. Also, I have shared your website in my social
    networks!

  62. Amazing blog! Do you have any hints for aspiring writers?
    I’m planning to start my own site soon but I’m a little
    lost on everything. Would you recommend starting with a free platform like WordPress or go for a paid option? There are so many options out there that I’m totally overwhelmed ..
    Any ideas? Bless you!

  63. With havin so much written content do you ever run into any
    issues of plagorism or copyright infringement?
    My blog has a lot of exclusive content I’ve
    either created myself or outsourced but it seems a lot of it
    is popping it up all over the internet without my agreement.
    Do you know any ways to help stop content from being stolen? I’d definitely appreciate it.

  64. Thanks a bunch for sharing this with all people you actually know what you are speaking approximately!
    Bookmarked. Kindly additionally seek advice
    from my site =). We may have a hyperlink alternate contract among us

  65. Do you have a spam problem on this site; I also am a blogger, and I was wanting to know your situation; many of us have
    created some nice methods and we are looking to exchange strategies with
    other folks, be sure to shoot me an email if interested.

  66. I do trust all the concepts you have presented for your post.
    They’re really convincing and can certainly work. Still, the posts are very quick
    for starters. May just you please lengthen them a bit from next time?
    Thanks for the post.

  67. I’ll immediately take hold of your rss as I can’t to find your email subscription link or
    e-newsletter service. Do you have any? Please let me understand so that I may subscribe.
    Thanks.

  68. Excellent article. Keep writing such kind of info on your blog.
    Im really impressed by your blog.
    Hi there, You’ve done an excellent job.

    I will certainly digg it and for my part suggest to my friends.

    I’m sure they will be benefited from this website.

  69. Oh my goodness! Amazing article dude! Thanks, However I
    am having problems with your RSS. I don’t know the
    reason why I am unable to subscribe to it. Is there anybody having the same RSS issues?
    Anyone who knows the answer can you kindly respond? Thanks!!

  70. After looking at a number of the blog posts on your blog, I truly appreciate your way of writing a blog.
    I book-marked it to my bookmark website list and will be checking back in the near future.

    Take a look at my web site as well and let me know what you think.

  71. You actually make it appear so easy with your presentation however I in finding
    this topic to be really something that I feel I would never understand.

    It sort of feels too complex and extremely broad for me. I’m taking a look forward to your subsequent put up, I will try
    to get the dangle of it!

  72. My brother recommended I may like this web site.
    He was entirely right. This submit truly made my day. You cann’t believe just how a lot time
    I had spent for this info! Thank you!

  73. Great post. I was checking continuously this blog and I am impressed!
    Extremely helpful information particularly the ultimate
    phase 🙂 I handle such information a lot. I was
    seeking this particular information for a very lengthy time.
    Thanks and good luck.

  74. I’ve been browsing online more than three hours today, yet
    I never found any interesting article like yours. It’s pretty worth enough for
    me. In my opinion, if all webmasters and bloggers made good content as you did, the web will be a lot more useful than ever before.

  75. Hey there! I understand this is kind of off-topic however I had to ask.
    Does operating a well-established blog like yours require a lot of work?
    I’m completely new to blogging however I do write in my diary everyday.

    I’d like to start a blog so I can easily share my experience and thoughts online.
    Please let me know if you have any kind of
    recommendations or tips for new aspiring blog owners.
    Appreciate it!

  76. Hello I am so glad I found your web site, I really
    found you by accident, while I was looking on Yahoo for
    something else, Anyhow I am here now and would just like to say kudos for a marvelous post and a all round
    entertaining blog (I also love the theme/design), I don’t have time to look over it all at the moment but I have book-marked it
    and also included your RSS feeds, so when I have time I will be back to read a great
    deal more, Please do keep up the fantastic b.

  77. Hello! This is my 1st comment here so I just wanted to give a quick shout out and tell you I truly enjoy reading your posts.
    Can you suggest any other blogs/websites/forums that go over the same topics?
    Thanks for your time!

  78. Thank you for another fantastic article. Where else may anyone get that
    type of info in such an ideal approach of writing?

    I have a presentation next week, and I’m on the look for
    such info.

  79. Howdy! I realize this is sort of off-topic however I had to
    ask. Does running a well-established website such as yours take a large amount of work?

    I’m brand new to blogging however I do write in my journal daily.
    I’d like to start a blog so I will be able to share my experience and
    views online. Please let me know if you have any kind of recommendations or tips for brand new aspiring blog owners.
    Thankyou!

  80. Hello! I could have sworn I’ve been to this website before but after checking
    through some of the post I realized it’s new to me.

    Anyways, I’m definitely happy I found it and I’ll be
    book-marking and checking back often!

  81. Good day! I know this is somewhat off topic but I was wondering if you knew where I could get a captcha plugin for my
    comment form? I’m using the same blog platform as yours and I’m having
    problems finding one? Thanks a lot!

  82. 좋은 정보 항상 감사합니다. 저도 똑같이 알려드리고 싶은데요 혹시 여자친구 만드는 정보 이렇한
    가치있는 정보를 제가 나눠드리겠습니다.
    저를 따라와주세요!

  83. This design is wicked! You definitely know how to keep a reader amused.
    Between your wit and your videos, I was almost moved to start my
    own blog (well, almost…HaHa!) Excellent job. I
    really loved what you had to say, and more than that,
    how you presented it. Too cool!

  84. I do not know whether it’s just me or if perhaps everybody else experiencing problems with your blog.
    It appears as though some of the text within your content are running off the screen.
    Can somebody else please provide feedback and let me know if this is happening
    to them as well? This might be a problem with my web browser
    because I’ve had this happen before. Thank you

  85. Yall already know how much iwant to give a subscribe or a follow
    for this. Let me show you how to do really amazing stuff and if you want to get
    a peek? I will share info about how to become a
    millionaire check and follow me bros!

  86. I have been browsing on-line more than 3 hours today, but I never found any attention-grabbing article like yours. It is pretty worth sufficient for me. In my opinion, if all web owners and bloggers made just right content as you did, the net shall be much more helpful than ever before.

  87. Its like you read my mind! You seem to know so much about this, like you wrote the book in it or something. I think that you can do with some pics to drive the message home a bit, but instead of that, this is magnificent blog. An excellent read. I’ll certainly be back.

  88. Good website! I really love how it is easy on my eyes and the data are well written. I’m wondering how I could be notified when a new post has been made. I have subscribed to your RSS which must do the trick! Have a great day!

  89. Normally I don’t read article on blogs, however I would like to say that this write-up very pressured me to check out and do so! Your writing taste has been surprised me. Thanks, very nice article.

  90. I discovered your blog site on google and check a few of your early posts. Continue to keep up the very good operate. I just additional up your RSS feed to my MSN News Reader. Seeking forward to reading more from you later on!…

  91. Woah! I’m really loving the template/theme of this website.

    It’s simple, yet effective. A lot of times it’s difficult to get
    that “perfect balance” between usability and visual appearance.
    I must say you have done a superb job with this.
    In addition, the blog loads extremely fast for
    me on Internet explorer. Outstanding Blog!

  92. I haven’t checked in here for some time since I thought it was getting boring, but the last several posts are great quality so I guess I’ll add you back to my everyday bloglist. You deserve it my friend 🙂

  93. Hi there! I just wanted to ask if you ever have any issues with hackers? My last blog (wordpress) was hacked and I ended up losing many months of hard work due to no back up. Do you have any methods to stop hackers?

  94. I think this is among the most vital info for me. And i am happy studying your article. However should commentary on few general issues, The website style is great, the articles is in reality nice : D. Just right task, cheers

  95. Its like you read my mind! You appear to know a lot about this, like you wrote the book in it or something. I think that you can do with some pics to drive the message home a bit, but instead of that, this is fantastic blog. A great read. I’ll definitely be back.

  96. I was wondering if you ever thought of changing the layout of your blog? Its very well written; I love what youve got to say. But maybe you could a little more in the way of content so people could connect with it better. Youve got an awful lot of text for only having one or 2 images. Maybe you could space it out better?

  97. Greetings! I know this is somewhat off topic but I was wondering which blog platform are you using for this site? I’m getting sick and tired of WordPress because I’ve had problems with hackers and I’m looking at options for another platform. I would be great if you could point me in the direction of a good platform.

  98. Nice post. I learn something more challenging on different blogs everyday. It will always be stimulating to read content from other writers and practice a little something from their store. I’d prefer to use some with the content on my blog whether you don’t mind. Natually I’ll give you a link on your web blog. Thanks for sharing.

  99. I have been exploring for a bit for any high quality articles or weblog posts on this sort of house . Exploring in Yahoo I at last stumbled upon this site. Reading this information So i¦m happy to convey that I’ve an incredibly excellent uncanny feeling I discovered exactly what I needed. I most indubitably will make certain to don¦t put out of your mind this website and give it a look on a continuing basis.

  100. My spouse and I absolutely love your blog and find many of your post’s to be precisely what I’m looking for. Would you offer guest writers to write content in your case? I wouldn’t mind publishing a post or elaborating on many of the subjects you write in relation to here. Again, awesome site!

  101. I’m not that much of a internet reader to be honest but your sites really nice, keep it up! I’ll go ahead and bookmark your website to come back in the future. All the best

  102. FitSpresso is a natural weight loss supplement crafted from organic ingredients, offering a safe and side effect-free solution for reducing body weight.

  103. I’m not sure exactly why but this blog is loading extremely slow for me. Is anyone else having this problem or is it a problem on my end? I’ll check back later and see if the problem still exists.

  104. I would like to convey my affection for your generosity in support of people who really need guidance on this important niche. Your real dedication to getting the solution all through had become quite effective and have usually allowed somebody much like me to get to their targets. Your own important guidelines denotes a lot a person like me and especially to my peers. With thanks; from everyone of us.

  105. The next time I read a weblog, I hope that it doesnt disappoint me as a lot as this one. I mean, I do know it was my option to read, however I truly thought youd have something interesting to say. All I hear is a bunch of whining about something that you possibly can repair in the event you werent too busy in search of attention.

  106. I do consider all the ideas you have presented for your post. They are really convincing and will certainly work. Nonetheless, the posts are very short for novices. May you please prolong them a little from next time? Thank you for the post.

  107. I have been browsing on-line more than three hours lately, yet I never discovered any attention-grabbing article like yours. It?¦s beautiful price sufficient for me. In my view, if all site owners and bloggers made just right content as you did, the net might be much more helpful than ever before.

  108. What Exactly is Tonic Greens? Tonic Greens is a dietary supplement that has proven effective in helping many people manage the herpes virus and boost their immune systems without adverse effects.

  109. I have been exploring for a little bit for any high-quality articles or blog posts in this kind of house . Exploring in Yahoo I eventually stumbled upon this site. Reading this information So i¦m satisfied to exhibit that I’ve an incredibly good uncanny feeling I found out exactly what I needed. I such a lot undoubtedly will make sure to don¦t overlook this web site and provides it a look on a constant basis.

  110. What Is FitSpresso? FitSpresso is a natural weight loss supplement that alters the biological cycle of the body to burn more calories and attain a slim and healthy body

  111. I have been exploring for a little for any high-quality articles or blog posts in this kind of house . Exploring in Yahoo I eventually stumbled upon this web site. Studying this info So i’m happy to exhibit that I have an incredibly just right uncanny feeling I came upon exactly what I needed. I most undoubtedly will make sure to don’t overlook this site and give it a look regularly.

  112. I think other website proprietors should take this web site as an model, very clean and excellent user genial style and design, let alone the content. You’re an expert in this topic!

  113. What Is Neotonics? Neotonics is a skin and gut supplement made of 500 million units of probiotics and 9 potent natural ingredients to support optimal gut function and provide healthy skin.

  114. We stumbled over here by a different web page and thought I might check things out. I like what I see so i am just following you. Look forward to looking over your web page for a second time.

  115. Hello! I know this is kinda off topic however , I’d figured I’d ask. Would you be interested in exchanging links or maybe guest writing a blog post or vice-versa? My site covers a lot of the same topics as yours and I believe we could greatly benefit from each other. If you happen to be interested feel free to send me an email. I look forward to hearing from you! Excellent blog by the way!

  116. My spouse and I absolutely love your blog and find almost all of your post’s to be exactly I’m looking for. can you offer guest writers to write content to suit your needs? I wouldn’t mind producing a post or elaborating on a number of the subjects you write regarding here. Again, awesome site!

  117. Hello there! This post could not be written any better! Reading through this post reminds me of my good old room mate! He always kept chatting about this. I will forward this post to him. Fairly certain he will have a good read. Thank you for sharing!

  118. Tonic Greens: An Overview Introducing Tonic Greens, an innovative immune support supplement meticulously crafted with potent antioxidants, essential minerals, and vital vitamins.

  119. I just like the valuable information you supply in your articles. I’ll bookmark your blog and take a look at once more right here frequently. I’m slightly certain I will learn many new stuff proper here! Good luck for the following!

  120. Hi, just required you to know I he added your site to my Google bookmarks due to your layout. But seriously, I believe your internet site has 1 in the freshest theme I??ve came across. It extremely helps make reading your blog significantly easier.

  121. It is really a great and useful piece of information. I am happy that you shared this helpful info with us. Please keep us up to date like this. Thank you for sharing.

  122. Hi, I think your website might be having browser compatibility issues. When I look at your website in Chrome, it looks fine but when opening in Internet Explorer, it has some overlapping. I just wanted to give you a quick heads up! Other then that, fantastic blog!

  123. You really make it seem so easy with your presentation but I find this matter to be really something that I think I would never understand. It seems too complex and extremely broad for me. I’m looking forward for your next post, I will try to get the hang of it!

  124. After study a few of the blog posts on your website now, and I truly like your way of blogging. I bookmarked it to my bookmark website list and will be checking back soon. Pls check out my web site as well and let me know what you think.

  125. I found your weblog website on google and examine just a few of your early posts. Proceed to maintain up the excellent operate. I just extra up your RSS feed to my MSN Information Reader. In search of forward to reading extra from you in a while!…

  126. вакансии по безопасности новосибирск студенты
    любые работы работа после 9 класса для мальчиков без образования в москве
    работа в новом осколе на
    лета ищу работу в екатеринбурге химмаш

  127. Aw, this was a really nice post. In concept I wish to put in writing like this moreover – taking time and precise effort to make a very good article… but what can I say… I procrastinate alot and by no means seem to get something done.

  128. Pretty great post. I just stumbled upon your blog and wished to mention that I have truly loved surfing around your blog posts. After all I’ll be subscribing in your rss feed and I’m hoping you write once more soon!

  129. сібір емшісінің қастандықтары 52 толығымен онлайн режимінде тегін оқылады 87132
    код города казахстан, 7272 код города казахстан тест
    химия 8 сынып жауаптары, химия тест 7 сынып жауаптары екі жылдық той,
    гаухар той неше жыл

  130. жын шайтан фото, жын иектеу қыз
    бала тәрбиесіндегі әкенің рөлі, әкенің бала
    тәрбиесіндегі рөлі санаторий алмаз контакты, санаторий алмаз боровое прайс лист қосымшаны
    эмулятор арқылы іске қосудың негізгі шартын анықтаңыз, мобильді қосымшаға мәтін қосу

  131. армандар картасы 100 арман жазу
    үлгісі односолодовый виски – это, односолодовые виски жақсы адам …

    белгілі., жақсы туралы мақал онлайн оқудың тиімді жақтары, қашықтықтан оқытудың тиімді жақтары

  132. еқыұ міндеті, еқыұ казакстан отдых в барнауле зимой, где отдохнуть в барнауле на выходных flip караганда, flip kz астана первый метизный завод,
    павлодар метиз центр

  133. герб это для детей, герб казахстана рисунок қартаю үдерісі теломера, қартаю және ұзақ өмір сүру психологиясы
    bes element periodic table, b element periodic table көміртектің
    аморфты түрөзгерісі, аллотропиялық түр өзгерісі тән заттар

  134. как заработать денег новичку
    в гта онлайн в одиночку заработать деньги на играх без вложений с выводом на киви кошелек как можно заработать сидя дома
    без вложений подработка доставка по вечерам

  135. абыл ақынның әліппесі скачать, абыл акыннын алиппеси текст әлемдік бизнесмендер, әлемге әйгілі кәсіпкерлер әл фарабидің нақыл сөздері
    мағынасы, әл нақыл сөздері дулат исабеков әпке шығармасы, дулат исабеков әпке текст

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *