Inyuma y’imyaka 34, hafi umunsi ku wundi, kuva habaye iyicwa ry’umukuru wa Burkina Faso, Thomas Sankara, abantu 14 batangiye gucirirwa urubanza, bashinjwa uruhare bagize mu kwica umugabo uzwi nka “Che Guevera wa Africa”.
Yari umunyabwenge agakunda Afurika cyane.Yishwe arashwe afise imyaka 37 gusa yicwa n’abasirikare ku wa 15 ukwakira mu 1987, nuko uwari incuti ye magara Blaise Compaoré afata ubutegetsi mu maraso y’incuti ye yamwizeraga.
Imyaka ine mbere y’aho, abo babiri bari bafatanije gukora coup d’état nuko Sankara aba umukuru w’igihugu.
Compaoré ari muri abo 14 bagirizwa urupfu rwa Sankara ariko ubu aba hanze muri Cote d’Ivoire, aho yahungiye imyigaragambyo ikaze y’abanyagihugu agahitamo kwegura,hari mu ri 2014. Yagumye guhakana ko nta ruhare yagize mu rupfu rwa Sankara, kandi yavuze ko atazitaba urwo rubanza.
N’ubwo haciye igihe, Sankara aracyari umuntu afatwa nk’ikimenyetso gikomeye cyane muri Afrika – ahatari hake muri Afrika y’uburengerazuba usanga amafoto n’amashusho ye ku ma tagisi (taxi) , ahandi nko muri Afrika y’Epfo umugabo utavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi Julius Malema avuga ko Sankara ari umwe mu bo yisunga mu bitekerezo bye.
Kuki Sankara abonwa nk’intwari ?
Luc Damiba, umunyamabanga mukuru w’itsinda ry’Urwibutso rwa Sankara avuga ati:
“Kuri twebwe, Sankara yari umuntu ukunda igihugu. Yakundaga abantu be. Yakundaga igihugu cye. Yatanze ubuzima bwe kubera twebwe”.
Igihe yategekaga nibwo igihugu cyahinduye izina – kiva kuri Haute Volta cyitwa Burkina Faso, bisobanura ngo “Igihugu cy’inyangamugayo”.
Sankara ubwiwe yabagaho mu buzima buciye bugufi cyane. Yagabanyije umushahara we n’uwo abandi bakozi ba reta. Yanakuyeho kandi imodoka z’abategetsi n’abashoferi babo, anabuza gusubira kugendera mu myanya ihenze yo mu ndege.
Amashuri yari mu bintu yashyiraga imbere – igihe yari ku butegetsi, urugero rw’abari mu mashuri rwavuye kuri 13% mu 1983 rushika ku 73% mu 1987 yongera atunganya gahunda ngari,nini ryo gukingiza abana mu gihugu cyose.
Yanahaye amasambu n’ibibanza abanyagihugu ayambuye abari barayigaruriye nuko ayaha abahinzi b’abakene, bituma umusaruro w’ingano wiyongera cyane.
Sankara yashakaga ko habaho Africa yunze ubumwe yo guhangana n’icyo yitaga “ubukoroni bushyashya” bw’inzego nk’ikigega mpuzamakungu FMI/IMF na banki y’isi. Bivugwa ko umunsi umwe yigeze kuvuga ngo : “Ukugaburira niwe ugutegeka.”
Yagize poritike mpuzamahanga yo kwanga gutegekwa n’ibihugu bikomeye harimwo Ubufaransa, bwari busanganywe ijambo rikomeye mu bihugu bwahoze bukoronije muri Afrika harimwo na Burkina Faso. Umupfakazi yasize ari we Mariam yashinje Ubufaransa ko aribwo bwateguye urupfu rwe.
Umunyeshuri muri kaminuza yitiriwe Thomas Sankara ku murwa mukuru Ouagadougou yabwiye BBC ati: “Aracyari prezida wanjye. Ibyo yakoreye abaturage twebwe nk’abakiri bato biduha ingufu zo gukora nka we”.
Urwibutso runini cyane rwa metero esheshatu kibumbyye muri bronze cya Thomas Sankara cyatashywe muri 2019 mu murwa mukuru Ouagadougou, nyuma kiza gusubirwamo mu mwaka ushize kubera abaturage bitotomberaga uko cyasaga.
Damiba avuga ko hari umugambi wo kwagura aho kiri, harimwo no kwubaka umunara muremure cyane wa metero 87 uhanamiye Ouagadougou.
Hazubakwa kandi inzu ndangamurage ya Sankara, inzu ya sinema (cinema) hamwe n’inzu yo gusomeramwo ibitabo byose bizitirirwa Sankara. Ibyo bikorwa byose bifite intumbero yo guhererekanya ibitekerezo by’impinduka bya Sankara ku rubyiruko rwo mu bihe bizaza.
Abanegura Sankara bo gute?
Poritike zikaze za Sankara zegamiye ingengabitekerezo ya ”gi-socialiste” zaneguwe n’amashyirahamwe aharanira uburenganzira bwa kiremwa muntu avuga ko zari zikabije.
Icyegeranyo cya Amnesty International cyasohotse muri 1986 cyashize ahabona ukuntu abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bafungwaga badaciriwe urubanza kandi bagakoretwa iyicarubozo bikomeye.
Serge Theophile Balima yabaye ministre wo kumenyesha amakuru muri reta ya Sankara yagize ati:
“Ntekereza ko atihutiraga cyane mu kwemera ibintu bya demokrasi y’ibitekerezo bitandukanye, bigatuma abatavuga rumwe nawe badashobora kumuvugisha ngo bumvikane.”
Balima usigaye ari umu Professeur yongeraho ko: “Yashakaga guha ubutegetsi abaturage, nuko atangira gushyira ubutegetsi mu maboko y’abakozi basanzwe bari bayoboye aamashyirahamwe yaharaniraga “revolution [CDR], bari bafite igikorwa cyo kwigisha imyifatire myiza ikwiriye mu mirimo ya reta n’abikorera ku giti cyabo. Ariko byaje guhinduka, nibo wasangaga bakora amabi yahindukiraga agasebya ubutegetsi bwe”.
Mu kiganiro yahaye urubuga Africa Report mu 2020, Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo wahoze ari umukuru w’igihugu wakorewe cou d’etat na Sankara, yavuze ko yari afite “akantu ko kwibaza ko abantu bose bagenzwa n’inyungu zabo gusa hamwe n’amayeri ya poritike”.
Kubera iki urubanza rwari rwaratinze kuba?
Umuvandimwe we Paul Sankara yagize ati: “Twategereje igihe kirekire, imyaka 27 yose Blaise Compaoré yamaze ku butegetsi. Akiri ku butegetsi, nta n’uwari kurota ko hazabaho urubanza.”
Uwari umugore we yatanze ikirego mu 1997 kw’iyicwa ry’umugabo we , ariko byafashe imyaka 15 kugira Urukiko rusumba izindi rufate icyemezo cyo kwemera ko amaperereza akorwa.
Ariko nta ntambwe nini yabaye kugeza ubwo na Compaoré ubwe yirukanywe ku butegetsi mu 2014.
Ku mwaka ukurikiraho,bidatinze,umurambo (ibisigazwa) ukekwaho ko ari uwa Sankara warataburuwe ariko ibipimo bya ADN/DNA ntibyashoboye kwemeza ko ibyo bisigazwa ari ibye koko.
Muri 2016 abategetsi ba Burkina Faso basabye bakomeje ko abategetsi b’Ubufaransa batanga inyandiko zijyanye n’iyicwa rya Sankara.
Izo nyandiko zo mu bubiko zavanywe muri France zoherezwa muri Burkina Faso mu byiciro bitatu – urwa nyuma mu kwezi kwa kane mu 2021.
Abandi bakurikiranwa muri urwo rubanza ni ba nde?
General Gilbert Diendéré yari umukuru w’ibiro bikuru bya gisirikare (chef d’état major) ku butegetsi bwa Compaoré n’abandi 11 nibo bitezweho kugezwa mu rukiko rwa gisirikare. Bashobora kuregwa ibyaha byo “guhungabanya umutekano w’igihugu”, “ubufatanyacyaha mu kwica” no “kuzimiza umurambo”.
Diendéré asanzwe ari imfungwa inyuma yo gukatirwa igihano cyo gufungwa imyaka 20 kubera uruhare yaba yaragize muri coup d’etat yaburijwemo mu 2015.
Diébré Jean Christophe, undi ushinjwa urupfu rwa Sankara,ni umuganga wasohoye urupapuro rwemeza urupfu rwa Sankara, akandika ko Sankara yapfuye urw’ikirago (urupfu rusanzwe). Ashinjwa gusohora urupapuro rw’ikinyoma.
Undi ni uwitwa Hyacinthe Kafando, wari umukuru w’abarindaga Compaoré; yashyiriweho urupapuro mpuzamahanga rwo kumufata.
Ni we uregwa ko yari ayoboye igitero simusiga cy’abishe Sankara hamwe n’abandi 12.
Urwo rubanza ruzagira izihe ngaruka?
Hari ubwoba ko urwo rubanza rushobora guhungabanya Burkina Faso, igihugu gisanzwe gihanganye n’ibitero by’abarwanyi biyitirira Islam bafitanye isano na ya al-Qaeda na Etat Islamique (Islamic State)
Compaoré aracyafite abamuyoboka mu gihugu, abitegereza ibintu n’ibindi bakavuga ko bamwe mu gisirikare bakimuyoboka bashobora gutera intugunda. Ariko nta kimenyetso cy’ibyo kigaragara.
Ahubwo, prezida Roch Marc Kaboré yizeye ko urwo rubanza ruzacubya umwuka mubi, rukanatuma habaho gusubira ugushyira hamwe mu gihugu.
Mathieu Pellerin wo mu kigo Intenational Crisis Group (ICG) yabwiye ikinyamakuru Jeune Afrique mu kwezi kwa kane mu 2020 ati: “Sinibwira ko urwo rubanza rushobora gutera umutekano muke.
“Ntibikunze kubaho ko gusubizaho ubumwe bw’igihugu bibaho nta butabera bubayeho”.
Soma,somesha ikinyamakuru cyawe Afriquela1ère.com/rw umenye ibyagufasha,hamwe n’amakuru y’ukuri yasuzumwe neza.
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