À travers un long reportage effectué en Bretagne, une journaliste du quotidien The Guardian dresse un bilan du quinquennat d’Emmanuel Macron. “Des signes de changement” mais encore beaucoup à faire, juge le journal britannique.
Que retenir du quinquennat d’Emmanuel Macron ? Une journaliste britannique du Guardian s’est rendue à Maurepas, quartier difficile du nord de Rennes, en Bretagne, à la rencontre d’habitants et d’acteurs de la vie locale pour dresser le bilan du président sortant. Le choix du lieu du reportage n’a rien d’anodin. “La Bretagne symbolise à quel point la vie a été difficile pour de nombreux Français au cours des deux dernières années – mais il y a des signes de changement”, prévient dès le début de son article la correspondante britannique.
La meilleure mesure du président sortant, candidat depuis le 3 mars seulement, est la réduction des effectifs dans les petites classes, estime l’auteure Angelique Chrisafis. L’article s’ouvre d’ailleurs sur le témoignage d’une enseignante ravie de pouvoir prendre du temps avec chacun de ses onze élèves. “Cette politique de réduction de la taille des classes scolaires pour aider les enfants défavorisés est devenue la clé de Macron, peut-on lire dans l’article. L’entourage d’Emmanuel Macron la présente comme sa mesure sociale déterminante. Elle est même saluée par certains opposants, comme la candidate de droite à la présidentielle Valérie Pécresse. Preuve qu’il n’a pas seulement été le président de l’élite“.
Du “président des Riches” au chef d’ État interventionniste
Au début de son mandat en 2017, Emmanuel Macron a souvent été qualifié de “président des Riches”, rappelle l’auteure. Celui qui avait promis durant sa campagne “la plus grande refonte du modèle social et du système de protection sociale français de l’histoire moderne” a surtout pris des dispositions en faveur des patrons, – en assouplissant par décret les lois du travail – et des riches, – en transformant l’impôt sur la fortune en impôt foncier -. Mais les deux crises successives, la fronde des Gilets jaunes d’abord puis la pandémie de Covid-19, ont transformé le chef d’État jugé élitiste en un président interventionniste, qui a effectué de “vastes dépenses publiques […] pour maintenir le pays à flot.”
Avec succès. Au terme de deux années de crise sanitaire, “l’économie française a commencé à rebondir plus rapidement que prévu”, peut-on lire dans l’article, qui cite l’économiste américain Paul Krugman, lauréat du prix Nobel d’économie en 2008, qui a qualifié la France de “star performer” au vu de la baisse de son chômage. Pourtant, pas de quoi pavoiser pour l’actuel président, modère le journal. “L’inflation, la hausse des prix du carburant, la méfiance record à l’égard de la classe politique, les divisions de la société avec la montée de la pensée identitaire alimentée par l’extrême droite, maintiennent la pression pour Macron”.
Un mandat bousculé par la pandémie
Car la pauvreté persiste dans le pays. Les nombreuses associations caritatives, particulièrement sollicitées pendant la pandémie “symbolisent à elle seules combien la vie est devenue difficile pour de nombreux Français au cours des deux dernières années”, poursuit la rédactrice. “La crise du Covid a été très révélatrice”, a confié Pheng Ly, qui travaille pour l’association La Cohue, structure qui distribue des colis alimentaires et aide au retour à l’emploi.
“La pandémie a mis en évidence les inégalités existantes dans des quartiers défavorisés comme celui-ci, où de nombreuses personnes vivent en dessous du seuil de pauvreté, et où depuis les années 1960, la pauvreté et la misère se concentrent dans un petit périmètre”, explique l’habitante dans les colonnes du journal. Une autre, interrogée par la journaliste, une femme de ménage à la retraite, âgée de 68 ans, raconte qu’elle “fait la queue pour ramener à la maison des yaourts, des œufs et de la salade de pommes de terre.
‘Ma pension est de 600 €, et après avoir payé 400 € de loyer, puis des factures comme le gaz et l’eau, je n’ai pas les moyens de me nourrir'”, s’emporte-t-elle.
Il faut dire qu‘”elle avait cru Emmanuel quand il avait promis d’instaurer une retraite minimale de 1 000 € par mois pour ceux qui avaient travaillé toute leur vie”, poursuit le journal. “Mais la réforme des retraites proposée par Macron a conduit à des manifestations qui ont duré plus longtemps que n’importe quelle grève depuis mai 1968, et les changements prévus ont été suspendus par la pandémie”, résume la correspondante.
Montée des tensions identitaires
À son élection, Emmanuel Macron, arrivé devant Marine Le Pen, avait aussi garanti qu’après son quinquennat, “il n’y aurait plus de raison de voter pour les extrêmes”, abonde The Guardian. Mais après avoir interrogé des habitants du quartier de Maurepas, les conclusions du journal sont sans appel : “Les divisions dans la société demeurent. La réponse de Macron au terrorisme et à la décapitation, en 2020, de l’instituteur Samuel Paty a été d’introduire une législation plus sévère à l’égard du séparatisme religieux.” Cela n’a fait qu’empirer la situation. “Les signalements d’actes antimusulmans ont augmenté de 32 % en 2021.”
Florian Bachelier, député de la majorité présidentielle en Ille-et-Vilaine, porte sans surprise un regard moins critique vis-à-vis d’Emmanuel Macron. Certes, “la pandémie a traumatisé les Français à bien des égards : tout le pays a subitement pris conscience des vulnérabilités individuelles et collectives”, déclare l’élu LREM au journal. Mais l’ancien avocat s’empresse aussi d’énumérer les mesures qui ont, selon lui, amélioré le quotidien des Français, comme le développement de l’apprentissage pour les jeunes, la baisse de l’impôt sur le revenu, la suppression de la taxe d’habitation pour de nombreux Français et l’extension du congé de paternité à 28 jours. “Ce qui ressort, c’est que le président a protégé les Français – encore plus pendant les périodes agitées de la pandémie”, affirme-t-il dans le reportage.
Défiance croissante vis-à-vis des élus
Reste une grande défiance vis-à-vis des élus. Elle s’est d’ailleurs manifestée par la crise des Gilets jaunes. Depuis, elle semble toujours présente, selon le quotidien. “La révolte des Gilets jaunes, qui a débuté à l’automne 2018 et s’est poursuivie en 2019, a marqué un tournant dans la présidence de Macron. Ce qui a commencé comme un mouvement anti-taxe sur les carburants est devenu une manifestation anti-gouvernementale de longue durée, déclenchant les pires troubles que Paris a connus depuis des décennies.” Interrogé par Angelique Chrisafis, Tristan Lozach, jeune homme de 26 ans habitant près de Brieux, assure que si les manifestations des Gilets jaunes étaient à refaire, il y retournerait sans hésiter. “Il y avait, à cette époque, beaucoup de gens en France qui avaient peur de dire qu’ils souffraient ou vivaient dans la misère, les manifestations leur ont permis de s’exprimer”, a-t-il déclaré à la journaliste. “Et je pense que ça a changé Emmanuel Macron. Il ne s’adresse plus aux gens de la même manière qu’il y a trois ans, lorsqu’il faisait des commentaires dans la rue qui semblaient dédaigneux.”
Goulwen Lorcy, elle aussi interrogée par le Guardian, pense que l’exercice du pouvoir a fait changer Emmanuel Macron. À la tête d’une petite start-up bretonne, elle relate avoir été contactée par l’État pour créer rapidement un système informatique destiné aux hôpitaux français. La crise sanitaire a permis de faire comprendre au président “que de nombreuses ‘solutions étaient régionales’, et pas seulement en provenance de Paris”, relève-t-elle.
À la fin de l’article, la journaliste anglaise rencontre un agriculteur. Julien Rouxel, 22 ans, s’apprête à reprendre la petite exploitation laitière qui appartient à sa famille depuis cinq générations, à Plédran. Lui se dit malgré tout “optimiste pour l’avenir”. Même s’il a soutenu des manifestations d’éleveurs de porcs et de produits laitiers contre les supermarchés, accusés de ne pas donner des prix équitables pour les produits, il n’en veut pas au président.
“Emmanuel Macron – le pauvre – je ne le critique pas parce qu’il a beaucoup à faire et qu’il a fait de son mieux, conclut-il dans l’article.
Mais il reste quand même une question : a-t-il suffisamment écouté les Français ? Peut-être pas.”
source:France24
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