Texte anglais de David Himbara traduit en français par Afriquela1ère
L’architecte en chef de la bromance autrefois puissante du Général Paul Kagame était l’ancien président américain Bill Clinton. Il a défendu Kagame en tant que leader africain d’un nouveau genre, attaché à la démocratie et aux marchés libres. Par la suite, le Rwanda est devenu le plus grand bénéficiaire de l’aide de l’Afrique, largement financée par les États-Unis et des institutions financées par les États-Unis telles que l’Association internationale de développement (IDA) de la Banque mondiale.
Les choses se sont effondrées lorsque le président Joe Biden a pris ses fonctions en 2021. Kagame représentait l’extrême opposé du programme de Biden qui consistait à soutenir les réformateurs démocratiques. Par la suite, les États-Unis ont réduit leur aide au Rwanda de près de 50 %, tandis que l’IDA a réduit son aide au Rwanda de 33,5 %. La bromance autrefois puissante de Kagame avec les élites américaines est officiellement morte.
Le Sommet pour la démocratie de 2021 du président Joe Biden a marqué le début de la fin de la bromance entre Kagame et les États-Unis.
Pour commencer, Kagame n’a pas été invité au Sommet pour la démocratie parce que le Sommet visait à combattre des dirigeants tyranniques comme lui. Comme l’a déclaré le président Biden dans son allocution d’ouverture, ” la démocratie n’est pas le fruit du hasard. Nous devons la défendre, nous battre pour elle, la renforcer et la renouveler”.
Le secrétaire d’État américain, Anthony Blinken, n’a pas fait l’impasse sur le Rwanda lors de sa visite dans les pays africains pour discuter d’un partenariat renouvelé. Ensuite, l’administratrice de l’USAID, Samantha Power, a désigné le Rwanda comme un État autoritaire dans lequel la gouvernance, l’État de droit, la démocratie et les droits de l’homme sont inexistants. Comme elle l’a dit, le Rwanda n’a pas « un environnement sur le terrain qui permet la critique, ou qu’il y ait un développement pluraliste des partis ou les critères que vous auriez dans n’importe quel manuel pour une démocratie libérale”.
En mai 2023, Power a ajouté sa voix à de hauts responsables du gouvernement américain appelant le régime de Kagame à retirer ses troupes de la RD Congo. « Il est impératif que le gouvernement rwandais cesse son soutien au M23 et retire ses troupes de la RDC », a déclaré Samantha Power.
Les choses s’effondrent – il n’y a plus personne pour défendre Kagame dans les couloirs du pouvoir à Washington, DC
Les choses s’effondrent en 2023
L’IDA de la Banque mondiale, le principal bailleur de fonds multilatéral du Rwanda, a vidé de sa substance son aide au Rwanda. L’aide de l’IDA au Rwanda est passée de 707 millions de dollars en 2022 à 470 millions de dollars en 2023, soit une chute de 237 millions de dollars ou 33,52 %.
Les États-Unis sont de loin le plus grand bailleur de fonds de l’IDA, avec des ressources cumulées totales de 56,2 milliards de dollars, et ont sans aucun doute joué un rôle clé dans cette réduction importante. Pendant ce temps, entre 2019 et 2023, le gouvernement américain, le plus grand donateur bilatéral du Rwanda, a réduit son aide au Rwanda de 108 millions de dollars, soit près de 50 %.
La volte-face des États-Unis sur la bromance entre l’Amérique et Kagame est en grande partie due au départ de l’ancien président Bill Clinton et de ses associés. La bromance est née lorsque Clinton s’est épanchée sur « la nouvelle race » de dirigeants africains soi-disant attachés à la démocratie et aux marchés libres.
Clinton a en outre proclamé que Kagame était un modèle pour l’Afrique et le reste du monde en dirigeant le Rwanda « à travers une transformation sans précédent ». Parmi les poids lourds influents qui ont sauté dans le train en marche de Kagame figuraient la secrétaire d’État adjointe de Clinton pour l’Afrique, Susan Rice, et le sénateur américain Jim Inhofe.
Clinton et Inhofe sont à la retraite. Susan Rice a quitté son poste de conseillère en politique intérieure du président Joe Biden. Il n’y a plus personne pour défendre le dictateur rwandais dans les couloirs du pouvoir à Washington, DC.
Restez à l’écoute.
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